60岁以上门诊老年听力障碍患者听力损失分布的初步研究

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Hearing Loss in Out-Patients over 60 Years of Age

目的对2017全年来我院行纯音听力检查的所有老年患者的结果进行横断面分析,初步了解现阶段我国局部地区门诊就诊的老年听力障碍患者听力损失的分布特点。方法调查门诊全年内首次就诊的60岁以上(含60岁)老人4794例,男2136例,女2658例,男女比例为1:1.24,平均年龄为68.87±5.80岁,中位数为67岁。按年龄分为三组:年轻老年人组(60～74岁)、老年人组(75～89岁)和长寿老人组(90岁以上),分析所有患者纯音测听结果。按照WHO1997年听力障碍分级标准将受试者每耳的听力进行分析。结果全部年轻老年人组3761例,占总例数78.45%,其中男性1615例(42.9%),女性2146例(57.1%);老年人组1000例,占总例数20.86%,其中男性498例(49.8%),女性502例(50.2%);长寿老人组33例,占总例数0.69%,其中男性23例(69.7%),女性10例(30.3%)。研究数据中听力正常:555例(男169例,女386例),占总例数11.58%;轻度听力损失:1007例(男393例,女614例),占总例数21.01%;中度听力损失:1469例(男694例,女775例),占总例数30.64%;重度听力损失:1020例(男540例,女480例),占总例数21.28%;极重度听力损失:743例(男340例,女403例),占总例数15.50%。结论门诊就医的年轻老年人(60～74岁)的数据量明显高于其他两组,年龄组别越高,就诊检查的患者数量随之减少,男女比例逐渐趋于一致。本文纳入的听力结果以轻度、中度、重度听力下降为主,随着年龄的增长,所患听力疾病的损失程度有向愈加严重的趋势。同时三个年龄组的各频率纯音听阈值在跨组时均有10 dB左右的下降。

Objective To report audiometric results of elderly patients tested in our hospital in 2017.Methods A total of 4,794 patients 60 years or older(2,136 males and 2,658 females)were enrolled.The mean age was 68.87±5.80 years.The median age was 67 years.Patients were divided into three groups by age:the young old(60-74 years),the older old(75-89 years old)and the longevous(over 90 years).Hearing loss was analyzed in accordance with the WHO1997 hearing impairment grading criteria.Results There were 3,761 patients(78.45%)in the young old group,including 1,615 males(42.9%)and 2,146 females(57.1%);1000(20.86%)in the older old group,including 498 males(49.8%)and 502 females(50.2%);and 33(0.69%)in the longevous group,including 23 males(69.7%)and 10 females(30.3%).Hearing was normal in 555 patients(11.58%)with normal hearing(169 males and 386 females),showing mild hearing loss in 1007 patients(21.01%,393 males,614 females),moderate loss in 1469 patients(30.64%,694 males and 775 females),severe loss in 1020 patients(21.28%,540 males and 480 females)and profound loss in 743 patients(15.50%,340 males and 403 females).Conclusions There were significantly more outpatients in the young old(60-74 years)group than in the other two older groups.The number of outpatients decreased along with age with increasingly consistent male to female ratio.Hearing impairment ranged mainly from mild to severe.As the age increased,the degree of hearing loss also increased.At the same time,frequency specific thresholds worsened by about 10 dB across each of the three age groups.