黑河源多金属矿区地质环境承载力评价

Geo-environmental carrying capacity assessment of polymetallic mining area in the headwater regions of Heihe river

黑河源多金属矿区地处祁连山腹地,矿产资源丰富,但地质环境敏感脆弱,矿产资源开发前急需开展地质环境承载力评价。运用层次分析法,选取7个重要环境约束因子作为评价指标,采用加权平均综合指数模型,对该区的地质环境承载力进行了评价。评价结果表明:7.13%的区域地质环境承载力较弱,主要分布在高海拔的冰川和高山区,尤其是分水岭和河流附近;64.91%的区域地质环境承载力较强,分布于海拔相对较低、坡度较缓的中低山区、丘陵区、河谷以及平原地区;剩余的区域承载力适中。年均降水量和植被覆盖度是影响承载力大小的主要因素。本研究可为黑河源区矿产资源的合理规划与开发、地质环境保护与社会经济的协调发展等提供依据,还可为类似矿区的地质环境承载力研究提供方法和借鉴。

Headwater region of the Heihe river polymetallic mining area is located in the hinterland of Qilian mountain,with rich mineral resources,but sensitive and fragile geological environment,and assessment on the carrying capacity of geological environment is urgently needed before mineral resources development.Based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),seven important environmental constraint factors were selected as the evaluation indexes.The weighted average composite index model was used to evaluate the geological environment carrying capacity of research area.The results show that 7.13%of the geological environment carrying capacity of the area is weak,which is mainly distributed in high altitude of glaciers and mountains,especially watersheds and rivers;64.91%of the regional capacity is relatively strong,distributed at relatively low altitude,low slope of the low mountains,hilly areas,valleys and plain areas;the remaining of the regional capacity is moderate.Annual precipitation and vegetation coverage are the main factors influencing the carrying capacity.This study could provide the basis for the reasonable planning and development,geological environment protection,social economy coordinated development of mineral resources in headwater regions of the Heihe river.Besides,it could provide the method and reference for the study of geological environment carrying capacity in similar mining area.