马克思对欧洲中心主义的批判与超越

Marx's Criticism and Transcendence of Eurocentrism

马克思形成了一套基于西欧尤其是英国资本主义的分析框架,但这一框架本身就要求纳入唯物史观及其历史地超越西方资本主义的世界历史视野。马克思对德国观念论、市民社会及其资产阶级社会、古典自由主义等传统的批判,即蕴含着对欧洲中心主义得以确立的莱茵-日耳曼模式与盎格鲁-撒克逊传统,以及在近代以来支撑或解释欧洲中心主义的法兰西激进传统、犹太教传统的多重批判。马克思中期以后从西欧"小小角落"拓展到更为宽广的世界历史视野,将对西方资本主义及其阶级的分析自觉引入对东西方矛盾关系的分析批判,通过前资本主义定位和批判东方社会,并特别致力于探索东方国家民族的独立解放,乃是批判和超越欧洲中心主义的必然结果。

Marx formed an analytical framework based on Western European capitalism,but Marx was not a Eurocentrist.Because his analytical framework required the incorporation of historical materialism and historically transcended the world history of Western capitalism,in this regard Marx’s analysis and critique of Western capitalism----including his criticism of German idealism,of civil society,and of British classical liberalism and its notion of political economy----contained multiple criticisms of the Rhein-Prussian model and the Anglo-Saxon tradition by which Eurocentrismwas established,as well as of the French radical tradition that has supported or expounded Eurocentrism in modem times.After Marx’middle period,he extended his vision from the“little corner”of Western Europe to a broader world history,and consciously analysis and criticism of the contradictory relationship between the East and the criticized Eastern society through his criticism of feudalism,and was particularly committed to exploring national ways independent of the Eastern world.