逻辑多元论:是什么和为什么

Logical Pluralism: What and Why

逻辑多元论认为,逻辑可以根据是否真实和正确而加以区分,真实且正确的逻辑不只一种,而有许多种。有关逻辑多元论的争论,涉及逻辑与外部世界、与我们对外部世界的认知、与我们用自然语言所进行的推理实践的关系,牵连到逻辑的本体论特征和认识论地位。支持逻辑多元论的论证主要有四个,即诉诸表象的论证、诉诸优点的论证、诉诸解释的论证和诉诸多义的论证;质疑逻辑多元论的论证主要有两类:一是关于逻辑多元论的"坍塌论证",二是逻辑多元论与意义变化论题之间的复杂关联。关于逻辑多元论有以下三点评论:逻辑多元论并不足够清晰以至不是一个可以严格辩护的立场;逻辑多元论目前的支持性论证太弱,说服力很差;逻辑多元论有很多严重的理论困难需要去克服。

Logical pluralism holds that logics can be distinguished in accordance with whether they are true or not,and that there is no uniquely true logic but rather many.The debate about logical pluralism is relevant to the ontological and epistemological status of logic.There are four types of arguments for logical pluralism:appealing to appearance,to advantages,to interpretation,and to ambiguity.There are two types of arguments against logical pluralism:those about the“collapse”of logical pluralism and those involving the relation of logical pluralism to the meaning-change thesis.This paper offers three comments on logical pluralism:logical pluralism is not clear enough to be strictly defended;the current arguments for logical pluralism are too weak to be persuasive;and logical pluralism faces many serious theoretical difficulties that are yet to be overcome.