未来民法典侵权责任编中用人者责任制度的完善

On Employer’s Liability in China’s Tort Law of the Future

我国现行的用人者责任制度存在一些重大的问题,需要在民法典侵权责任编的编纂中予以解决完善。首先,第三人侵权赔偿责任与工伤保险赔偿的关系应予明确,即二者可以并存,但是为了避免违背禁止获利原则以及工伤保险赔偿基金的浪费,应当认可已支付的工伤待遇中那些与侵权赔偿项目的性质相同、填补的是同一损害的项目,不能重复给付,必须予以扣减;其次,用人单位的工作人员在执行工作任务时遭受来自本单位的其他工作人员的侵害时,如果构成工伤,则受害人或其近亲属只能获得工伤保险待遇,不能要求用人单位承担侵权责任。第三,提供劳务与接受劳务的自然人之间,如果提供劳务者因劳务而遭受损害的,其要求接受劳务者承担的侵权责任应明确为无过错责任而非现行法的过错责任。最后,我国民法典侵权责任编中应当明确用人者对被使用者的追偿权,但该追偿权的行使仅限于被使用者在执行工作任务或提供劳务的过程中因故意或重大过失给他人造成损害的情形。

There are some fundamental problems with the employer s liability in China s current Tort Law that should be solved in the future Civil Code.Firstly,the relationship between third party s tort liability and Work-related Injury Insurance should be stipulated clearly in China Civil Code(CCC),that is,they can coexist,but in order to avoid violating the prohibition of profitability and wasting the fund of Work-related Injury Insurance,it is necessary to recognize those same items in Work-related Injury Compensation,and tort liability compensation cannot be paid repeatedly.Secondly,when one employee suffers from damage from other employees of the same employer while performing work tasks,if it is work-related injury,the victim has right to obtain work-related injury insurance but no right to file a claim for infringement compensation.Thirdly,if a labor provider has suffered damage due to labor services,the tort liability that the person accepting the laborer assumes shall be clearly defined as non-fault liability instead of fault liability of the current law.Finally,the tort liability of the future China Civil Code should stipulate employer s right of recourse against employees.