民族主义的在地化:九·一八前后北碚的爱国救国运动

The Localization of Nationalism:Beibei’s Patriotic and National Salvation Movement before and after the September 18th Incident

民族主义带有建设性和破坏性的两面。以往多研究破坏性的一面,较忽视建设性的一面;多从全国范围讨论,少有在地化的观察。20世纪30年代四川北碚民族主义的在地化过程经历了先觉者的觉醒和九·一八后大众觉醒的两大阶段。在此过程中,不仅民族主义的主体从个别先知先觉者扩展到部分精英和普罗大众,而且民族主义观念本身也逐渐清晰,发展成为一种将国家观念和领土范围对应起来的意识形态,最后付诸实践,促成捐款、请愿等民众运动。在观念和意识形态层次,在地民族主义借全国性的国难话语培养起同仇敌忾的爱国热忱;在大众运动层次,后方内陆的民族主义,有助于破除一己之私,将民众力量集中于建设地方事业。从整个在地化的过程看,爱国与爱乡同心同向,建设强大的地方就是增强国家力量。

Nationalism has two faces,constructive and destructive.Previous studies focus more on the destructiveness while neglecting the constructive side.Meanwhile,mainstream scholarships discuss nationwide phenomena instead of providing observation from the local perspective.In the 1930s,the localization of nationalism in Beibei,Sichuan experienced two main stages:the awakening of the illuminati and,after the September 18th Incident,the awakening of the general public.In this process,not only did the subject of nationalism expand from only a few of illuminati to part of the elites and then to the general public,but the concept of nationalism itself gradually became clearer and developed into an ideology,corresponding to the concept of nation state with the territorial sovereignty,and finally put itself into practice to facilitate mass movements for donation and petition.At the conceptual and ideological levels,localized nationalism in virtue of the national disaster discourse fostered a sense of common patriotism.At the level of the mass movement,inland nationalism helped to sacrifice individual interest and re-orient people s strength on local construction.Seeing from the whole localization process,nationalism and provincialism came hand in hand,and the construction of a strong local region was to enhance national strength.