苏轼转世故事的异域回响:日本五山禅僧对文人僧化典故的引用及误解

Echoes of Su Shi’s Reincarnation Story: Japanese Wushan Zen Monks’ Citation and Misunderstanding of Literati Monks and Allusions

转世故事源自佛教里的"三生观",唐代开始出现文人主动猜测并声言自己前身或后世的现象,宋代禅宗以及《太平广记》等记载志怪书籍流行,前身后世说法受到了持续认同和关注。日本五山时代,禅僧们不遗余力地从诗文集、笔记类书中筛选出有关苏轼、黄庭坚与禅学的关系当作话头,关心的是文人与佛禅有关的典故故事,其中苏轼的前身后世之说尤为流行。相对于文学成就,五山禅僧更看重苏轼等宋代文人与佛禅的关系,涉及对宋代文学的评价体系问题;其背后是借此为桥梁证明文字与禅的关系,也反映了儒释论争这一关乎禅林兴衰的重要问题。而僧人的转世故事中将自我文人化,也彰显了他们希图与宋代文学平等对话的姿态。

The story of reincarnation comes from the concept of“the three lives of rebirth”in Buddhism.In Tang Dynasty,scholars began to speculate and declare their own predecessors or future generations.The popularity of Zen Buddhism and ghost novels like Tai Ping Guang Ji in Song Dynasty,continued to draw attention to this phenomenon.During the Wushan period in Japan,Zen monks spared no effort in sifting out the relationship between Su Shi,Huang Tingjian and Zen from poetry anthologies and notebooks.They were concerned about literati and Buddhist and Zen allusions,especially Su Shi s predecessors and descendants.Compared with literary achievements,Wushan Zen monks paid more attention to the relationship between Su Shi and other scholars in Song Dynasty and Buddhism and Zen,involving the evaluation system of literature in Song Dynasty.The reincarnation of the monks shows their desire for equal dialogue with the literature of the Song Dynasty.