不同行政区校园足球开展的对比研究——以川渝小学为例

Comparative Study on Campus Football in Different Administrative Regions——Taking Elementary Schools in Sichuan and Chongqing as an Example

通过对参加"全国青少年校园足球骨干师资国家级专项培训"的140名来自农村、县镇、城市的川渝小学足球教师的问卷调查,结合相关文献资料的研究成果、部分专家的访谈,得出:体育课时的执行力度农村高于县镇,城市较差;足球课时城市最多,农村次之,县镇较差;农村在校园足球专项规章制度、足球课教材使用情况及足球场地设施方面均最差,学校体育教师的年龄结构和教龄明显差于或低于县镇跟城市,稳定性不足;校园足球比赛主要集中于校内足球联赛与班级足球比赛,行政区域性差异明显;在校际、市县级、国家级比赛无显著差异,比赛场次均较少。活动时间及参赛机会、软硬条件配备、学校足球招生政策、学训及经费压力是影响川渝小学校园足球开展的4个关键因子,其中活动时间及参赛机会影响力最大,软硬条件配备次之,学训及经费压力最弱。根据运动场地及设施指标划分的学校等级中,城市跟D等学校活动时间及参赛机会最多,县镇与A等学校软硬条件配备及足球招生政策情况最好,城市与C等学校学训及经费压力最小。

Through the questionnaire survey of 140 primary school football teachers from Sichuan and Chongqing,who participated in the"National Training Program for Key Campus Football Teachers",combined with the research results of relevant literature and interviews with some experts,this paper concludes that the implementation of teaching hours in rural areas is better than that in counties and towns,and that in cities is the worse;urban areas have the most football class hours,followed by rural areas,and counties and towns have the least;rural areas are the worst in terms of special rules and regulations for campus football,use of football textbooks and football venue facilities,the age structure and teaching age of school physical education teachers in rural areas are significantly lower than that in counties and towns,and teachers are not stable.Campus football matches are mainly intra-school football leagues and inter-class football matches,showing an obvious administrative difference;There are no significant differences in inter-school,county and national competitions,with the number of competitions at all the three levels being small.Time of activity,competition opportunities,soft and hard conditions,school enrollment policies,training and financial pressure are the four key factors that restrict the development of campus football in primary schools in Sichuan and Chongqing.Among them,time of activity and competition opportunities are the most influential,followed by soft and hard conditions.Training and financial pressures are the least influential.Among the school grades classified according to sports venues and facilities indicators,schools in urban areas and D-level schools have the most opportunities to participate in competitions,and schools in counties and towns and A-level schools have the best soft and hard conditions and enrollment policies.Schools in urban areas and C-level schools have the least financial pressure.