载带蛋白质药物的新型递送系统——外泌体

Exosomes: New Delivery System of Protein Drugs

外泌体是一种携带核酸、蛋白质等物质,在体内发挥细胞通讯和物质传递的纳米囊泡。外泌体具有良好的生物相容性、高生物渗透性和低免疫原性、低毒性,可将其作为载带蛋白质类药物、实现靶向给药的优良新型纳米级载体。该文主要从外泌体载带蛋白质类药物作为靶向递送系统的研究现状、分离纯化方法、载药方式、靶向给药方式及性质评估等方面进行综述,旨在为后期研究载带蛋白质类药物的外泌体递送系统实现靶向给药奠定基础。

Exosomes are nanosized vesicles which carry nucleic acids,proteins and other substances,and are specialized in intercellular communications and facilitating transfer of substances in vivo.Due to their high biological permeability and biocompatibility but low immunogenicity and toxicity,exosomes represent novel nanosized vehicles for protein encapsulation and target delivery.This paper reviews exosomes as novel protein-loaded drug delivery systems,and mainly focuses on the current researches,isolation methods,drug loading methods,target delivery methods and property evaluation.This review will contribute to promoting the fundamental researches on the usage of exosomes as protein-loaded target delivery system.