学龄前听障儿童语流音变错误的特征及影响因素

Phonetic Variation Error Characteristics and Affecting Factors in the Continuous Speech of Preschool Hearing-impaired Children

目的分析学龄前听障儿童语流音变错误的特征,探讨其语流音变错误的影响因素。方法以具备一定声母单音节发音能力的4~6岁听障儿童55例及健听儿童55例为研究对象,围绕声母最小音位对设置特定的连续语音环境,比较两组儿童语流音变错误率、语音同化错误率和异化错误率,分析助听模式、康复开始年龄、听觉年龄等因素对学龄前听障儿童语流音变错误的影响。结果听障儿童非平翘舌音和平翘舌音语流音变错误率(18.52%和36.38%)、同化错误率(10.85%和27.44%)和异化错误率(4.86%和9.15%)都显著高于健听儿童(分别为5.82%和15.16%、4.29%和10.58%、0.80%和1.73%)(均为P<0.01);康复开始年龄≤2岁的听障儿童语流音变错误率(19.20%±7.21%)显著低于康复开始年龄>3岁的听障儿童(28.76%±11.51%)(P=0.012);听觉年龄3~5年的听障儿童语流音变错误率(19.15%±7.41%)显著低于听觉年龄0~3年的听障儿童(27.78%±10.43%)(P<0.05);不同助听模式听障儿童间语流音变错误率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论听障儿童语流音变错误率高于健听儿童,康复开始年龄在3岁以下、听觉年龄在3年以上可降低学龄前听障儿童的语流音变错误率,而不同助听模式影响不大。

Objective To analyze phonetic variation error characteristics in the hearing impaired freschoolers and the possible imfact factors.Methods 55 hearing impaired children and 55 normal children who had monosyllabic consonants capacity were included in this study.The rate of phonetic variation error,the assimilation errors and dissimilation errors were compared between normal children and hearing-impaired children by the self-compiled tests of minimal consonant phoneme pairs.And the impact factors were explored.Results①No matter flat and retroflex or not,the rate of phonetic variation error in the continuous speech of hearing-impaired children was extremely significantly higher than normal children,and the assimilation errors and dissimilation errors were extremely significantly more than normal children(P<0.01).②The rate of phonetic variation error of hearing-impaired children in rehabilitation starting age≤2 was significantly lower than hearing-impaired children in rehabilitation starting age>3(P=0.012).The rate of phonetic variation error of hearing-impaired children in hearing age 3~5 was significantly lower than hearing-impaired children in hearing age 0~3(P<0.05).There were no differences in different hearing aid patterns of hearing-impaired children(P>0.05).Conclusion The rate of phonetic variation error of hearing-impaired children is higher than normal children.Rehabilitation starting age<3 and hearing age>3 would greatly reduced preschool hearing-impaired children's phonetic variation error rate,while different hearing devices have no effects.