特朗普政府的南海政策:话语、行为与趋势

Trump's South China Sea Policy: Discourse,Action and Trend

影响特朗普政府南海政策的个性、情势以及"美国优先"3变量具有明显的不确定性,这对人们预测特朗普政府的南海政策造成较大难度。然而,特朗普政府涉南海话语有其隐含的身份、内容、含义和逻辑。通过对话语的分析,可以对特朗普政府南海行为的必然趋势进行把握。分析表明,特朗普政府涉南海话语把中国的身份塑造成具有威胁性的"他者",并传达出美国关注"秩序、航行自由、军事化、和平"等内容。这些内容通过"权力、知识、事实"的逻辑连接起来,体现出"秩序权力化、知识滥用化、事实歪曲化"的特征。实际上,美国南海政策以维护其在南海地区秩序中的权力地位为目标,并通过滥用国际法以及航行自由权等知识,歪曲对军事化、和平事实的描述以建构中国的负面形象。由此推之,特朗普政府在南海地区的挑衅行为将呈长期化趋势,并将强化与同盟国和伙伴国的关系来干预南海,同时继续加强法理攻势和舆论宣传。

The Trump Administration official position concerning the South China Sea(SCS)conveys some specific content and logic and refers to certain implications of action.In terms of American South China Sea policy rhetoric,Washington views China as negative“other”and pursuits“order,freedom of navigation,militarization and peace”.The logic of this position reveals that the priority of the Trump Administration is to maintain its power status in the SCS region.It also reveals that the negative image of China is constructed by abuse of international law,the right of freedom of navigation,the stigmatization of China’s activities in South China Sea.Finally,we can conclude that the administration will take certain actions including long-lasting provokative actions,such as strengthening its relationships with its allies as well as intensifying legal operations and media publicity against China’s South China Sea Policy.