超越技术理性 回归大学之道——世界一流大学评价问题与反思

Return to the Goal of University Education beyond Technical Rationality——Problems of and Introspection on the Evaluation of World First-class Universities

随着国际上第一份世界大学排名的产生,世界一流大学评价得到迅速发展并奠定了在现代国际高等教育质量保障体系中的地位。它是以反映大学质量水平的客观数据和一套先验性数理统计模型为基础,体现出一种明显的技术理性评价范式。由此导致世界一流大学评价存在评价数据结果伪精度;评价数据指标互补关系不成立和评价系统间差异明显等数据陷阱。技术理性存在意识形态的偏见,它重塑了高等教育的价值体系和改造我们对高等教育的认识。因此,必须批判世界一流大学评价范式的技术理性,以推动世界一流大学评价在价值理性的引领下进行回归大学之道、坚守大学之本和重塑大学之魂的范式转变。

With the emergence of the first ranking of the first-class universities in the world,the system evaluating world first-class universities has developed rapidly and established its status in the quality assurance system in international modern higher education.The evaluation system is based on the objective data that reflect the educational quality level of universities and a set of transcendental mathematical statistics model,which shows an obvious evaluation paradigm of technological rationality.As a result,digital traps appear in evaluation,such as spurious accuracy of evaluation data results,inconsistence of the complementary relations among evaluation data indexes and noticeable differences among evaluation systems.Apparently,ideological bias exists in technical rationality,which has unfortunately reshaped the value system of higher education and changed our understanding of higher education.For this reason,the author suggests that we need to criticize the technical rationality of the paradigm in evaluating world first-class universities,and only in this way can we push forward the change of the paradigm in evaluating universities under the guidance of value rationality and make the universities return to their goals,abide by the principles and reshape the philosophy of their own.