法国博士学位制度演变及其影响因素分析

The Evolution of French Doctorate Academic Degree System and Analysis of Its Impact Factors

法国博士学位制度经历了单一学科导向的专门职业从业资格教育、职业型与学术型学位分化与贯通、多学科导向的学术型与职业化学位相统一、跨学科导向的学术性与职业性兼顾培养模式等五个主要阶段。这一制度的演进是多重因素相互作用的结果,法国大学组织管理体制的传统、全球高等教育变革的宏观环境、传统高等教育双轨制塑造的特定精英观念、知识生产方式的变革四大因素共同塑造了这一演进过程。

The formation of French doctorate system has experienced five main stages,including the single-subject oriented educational mode for a specific professional qualification in accordance with occupational requirements,the educational mode of progressive differentiation and integrative reconciliation for occupational and academic degrees,the unified multi-discipline oriented educational mode for both academic and occupational degrees,and the interdiscipline oriented educational mode that pays attention to both academic and occupational development.The evolution of the French doctorate system is a result of the interaction of various factors.It is the tradition of French university organization and governance system,the macro-environment of global higher education reform,the specific elite concept shaped in the traditional dual-system higher education,and the changes of the knowledge production mode that jointly determine the process of the evolution.