技术理解:术科教学价值的扎根理论研究

Understanding Skills:Value of Sports Skill Teaching Courses Based on Grounded Theory

传统的术科教学价值取向是"技术记忆"式的,教师和学生追求的是运动技术的巩固与熟练。经由扎根理论,该研究首次提出了"技术理解"这一概念,并形成了两个扎根理论,一是术科教学价值体现为技术理解,按照程度可以划分为记忆性理解和创造性理解,其中,记忆性理解表现为掌握运动技术,创造性理解体现为提炼运动技术的教学意义,表现在"关于运动技术本身知识点的认知、关于运动技术价值的认知、关于学生运动技术水平的认知、关于学生对运动技术理解能力的认知、关于教学安全的认知、关于运动技术教学策略的认知"等几个方面;二是不同程度的技术理解对于教学有着不同的意义。首先,没有技术便没办法进行教学;其次,仅仅是记忆性理解也不足以进行教学;最后,当对运动技术达到创造性理解程度时,便可以进行教学。加深技术理解的途径包括"教师的课堂教学、学生教学实践、反思总结、练习、课堂观察、书本知识学习"等方面。"技术理解"术科教学价值论的提出及理论框架,对纠正人们在"运动技术与教学能力的关系"认识上所存有的"二元论思维方式"提供了机会。

The value orientation of traditional sports skill teaching courses focuses on the“memory of skills”.In this case,what teachers and students pursue is the consolidation of movement skills.Through grounded theory,this paper put forward for the first time the concept of“understanding of skills”,and formed two grounded theory.The first is that“understanding of skills”can be divided into memory understanding and creative understanding according to the degree of understanding.Memory understanding showed up as mastering motor skill,and creative understanding was embodied in refining teaching significance of motor skill,which included cognition of sports skill itself,cognition of values of sports skill,cognition of level of skill of the students,cognition of the students’awareness of understanding sports skill,cognition of safety,and cognition of skill teaching strategy”and so on.Different levels of skill understanding had different meanings for teaching.First,nobody could teach without skill.Second,memory understanding was not enough to teach.Finally,when skill understanding became creative understanding,teaching was possible.There were many ways to enhance skill understanding,such as“teacher’s teaching,students’practice,repetitive summary,practice,classroom leaning and book knowledge acquiring”,etc.The theory of skill understanding could correct the possible thinking model of dualism in understanding the relationship between motor skill and teaching ability.