强制医疗解除程序之检视与完善--以被强制医疗人权利保障为核心的展开

Inspection and Improvement of the Compulsory Medical Discharging Procedure——Develop with the Core of the Compulsory Medical Person's Right Protection

强制医疗解除实践中,存在着被强制医疗人自决权缺失、代理权缺位、解除提请任意、审理程序失范、同案不同决等问题。这些问题的产生,源于司法工作人员对被强制医疗人存在误解,法定代理人害怕担责而逃避责任,诉讼代理人为节约成本而未有效代理,鉴定机构与强制医疗执行主体的同一而导致鉴定意见的中立性不足,法官得不到被强制医疗人家属及其他相关机关的配合而不得不采取书面审理和同案不同决。为改变这种现状,从内部而言,应从自决权、代理权、参与权、自由权和救济权五个方面建立起被强制医疗人的权利保障体系;从外部而言,应合理调整强制医疗的管辖权、强化鉴定意见的独立性、完善社会保障体系和引入社会公益力量,以切实加强被强制医疗人的权利保障水平。

In the practice of compulsory medical treatment,there are many problems,such as the lack of the right to self-determination,the absence of the right of agency,arbitrary request for relieving compulsory medical treatment,the anomie of the trial procedure as well as the different decisions of similar cases.These problems arise from the misunderstanding of the judicial staff on the person under compulsory medical cares,the legal agent's fearing and evading responsibility,the litigation agent's ineffective acting for cost saving,and the unity of the identification institution and the compulsory medical executive body.Consequently,the neutrality of the identification opinions is insufficient.No cooperation from the family members of the compulsory medical person and other relevant agencies,the judges have to take a written trial and make different judgments in the similar cases.In order to change this situation,from the internal perspective,it is necessary to establish a guarantee system of rights for the person under compulsory medical cares from five aspects:right of self-determination,power of attorney,right of participation,liberty right as well as right to remedies.From the outside perspective,it is necessary to rationally adjust the jurisdiction of compulsory medical treatment,strengthen the independence of appraisal opinions,improve the social security system and introduce social public welfare forces,so as to effectively strengthen the level of protection of the person under compulsory medical cares.