惩罚性赔偿案件中欺诈证明标准之认定

A Study on the Identification of Fraud Proof Standard in Punitive Compensation Case

《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉解释》(以下简称《民诉法解释》)第109条新增以来,司法实践中对欺诈不加以界定,直接适用排除合理怀疑的证明标准。若第109条适用到惩罚性赔偿案件中会不适当加重消费者的负担,致使消费者对司法救济心存顾虑;若完全不适用第109条,又会使该标准之目的落空。因此,在未来司法过程中,应将欺诈作狭义解释,专指构成要件之一——欺诈行为,其他构成要件适用高度盖然性标准,这是对惩罚性赔偿制度与排除合理怀疑证明标准二者追求的价值目标和权衡结果。

Since the addition of article 109 to the interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as Interpretation of Civil Procedure Law),fraud has not been defined in the judicial practice and the standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt is directly applied.Provided article 109 is applied to punitive compensation,it will increase the burden of the consumer improperly,which results in the failure of the judicial remedies sought by consumers.It can be only appreciated distantly but not touched blasphemously.Failure to apply article 109 at all would nullify the purpose of the standard.Hence,in the future judicial practice,fraud,which should be interpreted in a narrow sense,specifically refers to fraudulent conduct,one of the components,the rest of which apply to the standard of high degree probability standard.This is the result of the value goal and trade-off between the punitive compensation system and the standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt.