天目山和佛坪国家级自然保护区居民对旅游影响感知和态度的比较

Comparation of residents' perceptions of and attitudes toward tourism impacts in Mount Tianmu and Foping National Nature Reserves

旅游地生命周期理论是旅游学中最重要的基础理论之一。根据旅游地生命周期理论,选择浙江天目山和陕西佛坪2个国家级自然保护区为案例地,运用实地调查、数据分析等方法进行研究,发现不同旅游生命周期阶段居民对旅游影响的感知及态度存在显著差异。与处于发展阶段的天目山国家级自然保护区居民相比,处于参与阶段的佛坪国家级自然保护区居民对旅游的支持度更加强烈。佛坪国家级自然保护区居民对旅游社会效益的感知显著高于天目山国家级自然保护区居民,但是环境冲击和社区人际关系冲击方面的感知则正好相反。这反映了两地居民由于不同的发展阶段,对旅游带来的消极影响有着不同的忍耐度。最后,还探讨了影响保护区居民旅游支持度的机制,发现在佛坪国家级自然保护区,社会效益和经济效益感知显著提高了居民的旅游支持度,环境冲击感知和社区人际关系冲击的感知则是显著负向的;而在天目山国家级自然保护区,居民的社会效益感知和环境冲击感知并没有产生显著的影响。

The tourist area life cycle theory(TALC)is the most important fundamental theory of tourism subject.The research used the tourist area life cycle theory and selected Mount Tianmu Nature Reserve and Foping Nature Reserve as research sites to conduct field surveys and data analysis.The study found that there were significant differences in residents’perception of and attitudes toward tourism impacts at the different stages of the life cycle of tourism.Compared with the residents in Mount Tianmu Nature Reserve at the development stage,residents in Foping Nature Reserve at the participation stage showed a higher support for tourism development and perceived more social benefits and less environmental impacts and community interpersonal impacts.It indicated that residents in these two reserves had different tolerances of negative impacts caused by tourism development due to different stages of life cycle.Finally,this article explored the determinants of residents’support for tourism development.In Foping Nature Reserve,perceived social and economic benefits significantly improved residents’support for tourism development,while perceived impacts of environmental change and community interpersonal relationships were significantly negative;In Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve,the perception of social benefits and environmental impacts have no significant effects on residents’support for tourism development.