种植密度对不同玉米品种抗倒力学特性的影响

Effects of Planting Density on Resistance Mechanical Properties of Different Maize Varieties

【目的】黔北地区玉米种植密度较低,缺乏耐密抗倒品种,为筛选出适宜黔北地区种植的抗倒伏玉米品种。【方法】以20个玉米品种为材料,研究种植密度对其抗倒力学特性的影响,以明确影响玉米倒伏的茎秆因素。【结果】同一密度下随节间部位的上升,各品种的茎秆穿刺、压折和压碎强度有所降低。增加种植密度,不同品种茎秆抗倒力学性状变化不同。先玉1171、郑单958、仲玉3号和金玉838的茎秆穿刺强度、压折强度和压碎强度较大。相关分析表明,茎秆穿刺强度与压折强度和压碎强度呈极显著正相关,压折强度与压碎强度呈极显著正相关;倒折率与茎秆穿刺强度、压折强度和压碎强度呈极显著负相关;地上第4节穿刺强度和地上第3节压折强度分别与产量呈显著正相关;各节茎秆穿刺强度、压折强度、压碎强度分别与倒伏率存在一定的相关关系。茎秆强度的大小是影响植株倒伏和倒折的主要因素。【结论】综合各参试品种的抗倒力学特性和产量认为,先玉1171、正红431、仲玉3号、靖单12号、郑单958和新中玉801表现较好,适合在黔北地区推广种植。

【Objective】The maize planting density was low in northern Qian area,and there was a lack of tolerance and anti-dumping varieties.It was suitable for screening out the lodging-resistant maize varieties for planting in northern Qian area.【Method】20 maize varieties were used as experimental materials to study the effect of planting density on its resistance to lodging,to clearly determine the factors affecting lodging of maize.【Result】Under the same density,with the increase of internodes,the stem puncture,compression and crushing strength decreased.Increasing the planting density,the culm resistance of different varieties changed differently.Xianyu1171,Zhengdan958,Zhongyu3 and Jinyu838 varieties had higher strength of stem puncture,compression and crushing.The correlation analysis shows that the strength of stem puncture was positively correlated with crushing strength and crushing strength,and the compression strength was positively correlated with crushing strength.The refraction rate was negatively correlated with the strength of the puncture,the compression strength and the crushing strength.The intensity was significantly negatively correlated,The puncture strength of the 4rd section of the ground and the compression strength of the 3rd section of the ground were significantly positively correlated with the yield;the puncture strength,the compressive strength,the crush strength and the lodging rate of the stalks of each section had a certain difference relationship.The size of the stalk strength was the main factor affecting lodging and inflection of the plant.【Conclusion】According to the resistance mechanical properties and yield of each tested variety,Xianyu1171,Zhenghong431,Zhongyu3,Jingdan12,Zhengdan958 and Xinzhongyu801 performed well,which was suitable for planting in northern Qian area.