我国水稻土壤有效磷和速效钾丰缺指标与适宜磷钾施用量研究

Study on the Abundance-deficiency Index of Soil Available P and K and Appropriate Nutrient Application Rates of P and K for Rice in China

系统总结了我国开展的水稻土壤有效磷和速效钾丰缺指标与适宜养分施用量研究。结果表明,近30年来我国水稻土壤有效磷丰缺指标出现了明显上升趋势,速效钾丰缺指标出现了下降趋势;土壤有效磷和速效钾丰缺指标不同区域之间差异较大,以缺素处理相对产量90%指标为例,土壤Olsen-P和NH4OAc-K含量变幅为2.5~46mg/kg和21~202 mg/kg;除辽宁、福建、广东和云南等省外,我国水稻土壤有效磷和速效钾丰缺指标研究尚存在很多空白区域;水稻土壤缺磷缺钾较为普遍,第2~4级为土壤有效磷和速效钾集中分布的丰缺级别,缺素处理相对产量大多处在70%~100%;土壤养分丰缺指标研究的试验点数不宜过少,丰缺指标高端和低端采用外推数据需谨慎,并应予以注明;适宜养分施用量与土壤养分丰缺级别呈线性负相关,与水稻目标产量呈线性正相关,与养分当季利用率呈线性负相关;当磷素当季利用率20%、目标产量4.5~15.0 t/hm^2时,土壤有效磷丰缺级别第1~7级的水稻适宜施磷量范围依次为0、20~68、41~135、61~203、81~270、101~338和122~405 kg/hm^2;当钾素当季利用率50%、目标产量4.5~15.0 t/hm^2时,土壤速效钾丰缺级别第1~7级的水稻适宜施钾量范围依次为0、22~72、43~144、65~216、86~288、108~360和130~432 kg/hm^2。

In this paper,the research results on abundance-deficiency index(ADI)of soil available P(SAP)and soil available K(SAK)for rice and appropriate nutrient application rate(ANAR)of P and K conducted in China were systematically summarized.The results showed that the ADI of SAP had a rising trend and the ADI of SAK had a downward trend in China in recent 30 years.There were considerable differences in their ADI of SAP and SAK in different regions,and the ADI of soil Olsen-P and soil NH4OAc-K for rice for 90%relative yield(RY)of the complete nutrients treatment(CNT)except P or K changed from 2.5 to 46 mg/kg and from 21 to 202 mg/kg,respectively.Except the 4 provinces of Liaoning,Fujian,Guangdong and Yunnan,the researches on ADI of SAP and SAK for rice in China had many blank regions.Soil P and K deficiency for rice in China were common,and the abundance-deficiency levels of SAP and SAK for rice focused on level 2~4,and most RYs of the CNT except P or K were between 70%~100%.For research on ADI of soil nutrient,the number of trial sites should not be too little,and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated.ANAR and the abundance-deficiency level of soil nutrient were linear negative correlation.ANAR and the yield goal of rice were linear positive correlation.ANAR and the nutrient fertilizer use efficiency in current season(NFUEICS)were linear negative correlation.When the NFUEICS of P was 20%and the target yield was 4.5~15 t/hm2,the ANAR of P for rice of the SAP abundance-deficiency level 1-7 from high to low were 0、20~68、41~135、61~203、81~270、101~338 and 122~405 kg/hm2,respectively.When the NFUEICS of K was 50%and the target yield was 4.5~15.0 t/hm2,the ANAR of K for rice of the SAK abundance-deficiency level 1-7 from high to low were 0,22~72,43~144,65~216,86~288,108~360 and 130~432 kg/hm2,respectively.