自主任务转换中的重构和干扰

Reconfiguration and interference in voluntary task switching

任务转换是研究执行功能的常用范式。任务转换通常伴随着转换代价:执行转换任务比重复任务的反应时更长、错误率更高。转换代价可能反映了任务设置重构(重构理论),也可能表明任务之间存在干扰(干扰理论)。与任务线索范式相比,自主任务转换范式更具生态效度,而且不仅能获得转换代价这个传统结果,还引入了任务选择比例、任务转换率等新指标,其结果倾向于支持重构理论。此外,新近研究指出自主任务转换可能也包含干扰的作用。未来,应通过进一步改进实验范式等方法,实现两大理论的融合。

Task switching is often used for studying executive functions.Task switching is usually associated with switch costs:longer reaction times and higher error rates on task-switch trials compared to task-repeat trials.Switch costs are attributed to task-set reconfiguration(reconfiguration view),or interference between different tasks(interference view).Compared with task cuing paradigm,the voluntary task switching paradigm is considered to be more ecologically valid.With this new paradigm,researchers could achieve not only traditional indicators like switch costs,but also new measures such as proportions of task selection and task switching rates.Studies of voluntary task switching are in favor of reconfiguration view.However,some recent reports found that interference may also play a role in voluntary task switching.In the future,modifications of the experimental paradigm should be made for a possible theoretical integration.