民族地区森林碳汇与碳汇经济发展的研究

STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST CARBON SINK AND CARBON SINK ECONOMY IN MINORITY ARES

本文基于第七、八次全国森林资源普查数据,核算了民族8省区森林碳汇总量与市场价值、影响因素以及森林碳汇经济的发展状态、存在的问题与对策。目前民族地区森林碳汇总量约为1.17亿吨,市场价值43.49亿元,其中阔叶混交林、云杉、杉木、杨树四类为森林碳汇优势林种,森林碳汇资源比较优势较为明显,但区域差异性较为突出;民族地区森林碳汇量变化受多种因素共同影响,其中森林面积、森林蓄积量、林业产业生产总值具有显著正向效应,林业投资、受害森林面积具有显著负向效应;民族地区碳汇经济发展先行先试、项目类型多样并且经济带动能力初步显现,但同时也存在认识不足、人才匮乏、比较优势逐渐消失、尚未与贫困群众建立精准对接机制四个方面主要问题。未来民族地区森林碳汇经济发展需要围绕高度重视加强顶层设计、开展森林碳汇盘查、市场化运作、完善生态补偿机制等方面工作深入开展。

Based on the seventh and eighth national census data of forest resources,the paper accounts for the total amount of forest carbons,market value,influencing factors,development status,existing problems and countermeasures of forest carbon economy in minority areas.At present,the total forest carbon sinks in minority areas is about 117 million tons,and the market value is 4.349 billion yuan.Among them,the broad-leaved mixed forest,spruce,fir and poplars are the dominant forest species of forest carbon sinks and the comparative advantages of forest carbon sink resources are obvious.However,the regional differences are prominent.Changes in forest carbon sinks in minority areas are influenced by many factors,forest area of which forest area,forest stocks,and forestry industry GDP have significant positive effects,while forestry investment and affected forest areas have significant negative effects.This kind of development has been pioneered first,,with various types of projects,and the economic driving capacity has initially appeared.However,there are also four major problems:the lack of understanding,lack of talents,gradual disappearance of comparative advantages,and lack of a precise docking mechanism with the poor.In the future,the development needs to pay great attention to the top-level design,forest carbon census,market-based operation,and the improvement of ecological compensation mechanisms.