行政谈判:解决农村土地权属纠纷的新型方式

Administrative Negotiation: A New Approach to Settling Disputes of Rural Land Tenure

在农村土地三权分置改革过程中,如何解决农村土地权属纠纷关系到农村社会的稳定,也是土地确权的前提条件和基础工作。从我国《土地管理法》第十六条的规定看,非诉讼解决农村土地权属纠纷的方式是"当事人协商+人民政府处理"模式,该模式具有内在的弊端,政府主导下的行政谈判土地权属纠纷解决方式,具有现实基础以及法理基础。作为一种非诉讼解决农村土地权属纠纷的方式,随着行政谈判程序的正式化,行政谈判应该纳入到行政行为体系的范畴中,就像其他行政行为一样,必须接受行政法的规制,必须遵循行政法上的基本原则,立法上应当修改土地法以及相关规范性文件,明确行政谈判解决农村土地纠纷的范围、程序、法律效力,并纳入到行政诉讼的受案范围。

During the process of rural land reform in which ownership,contracting rights and management rights are separated,how to solve the disputes over rural land tenure not only influences rural stability,but also lays prerequisite and foundation for the confirmation of land rights.According to the Article 16 of The Law of Land Administration of PRC,the non-litigation approach to settling disputes over rural land tenure is through“negotiation between concerned parties plus governmental handling”.However,this model has inherent drawbacks.Government should play a leading role in settling land tenure disputes through administrative negotiation which is both practically and legally well-founded.As a non-litigation way of solving rural land disputes,administrative negotiation has been put into the system of the administrative behavior as its process become formalized.Just like other administrative acts,administrative negotiation must abide by the regulation and basic principles of administrative law.Accordingly,the land law and relevant regulations should be revised in order to clarify the scope,procedures,and legal effects of administrative negotiation in solving rural land disputes.In this regard,administrative negotiation should be included in the scope of administrative litigation.