非平衡双语者口译语义加工路径探究

The Semantic Processing Routes of Non-Balanced Bilingual Interpreters

非平衡双语者因双语习得背景和双语水平不对称性,更容易在口译语义加工中受到干扰,并出现翻译的不对称现象以及"脱壳"与代码转译并存等现象。现行的口译语义加工理论,如释意理论、信息加工理论和认知—语用模型研究,无法解释非平衡双语学员口译语义加工的不对称及并行激活现象。心理语言学和认知心理学的相关研究成果可以提供借鉴:修正层级模型可以解释B语水平欠缺的非平衡双语学员在译入A语和B语时的翻译不对称现象以及双语表征对口译语义加工路径的影响;而联结主义的并行分布加工模型具有并行分布、权重激活、网络互动等特点,可以解释非平衡双语者语义加工的"脱壳"和代码转译的并存现象及不同程度的激活。

Due to monolingual acquisition background and asymmetry of bilingual proficiency,non-balanced bilingual interpreters appear to have“translation asymmetry”and parallel processing routes of both“de-verbalization”and transcodge to various extents in semantic processing in interpreting.Current interpreting theories like Interpreting Theory,Information Processing Paradigm and Simultaneous Cognitive-Pragmatic Model can explain certain cognitive processes of interpreting,but fail to explain the asymmetry and parallel routes.The Revised Hierarchical model of bilingual memory representation can explain not only the asymmetrical processing of non-balanced bilingual interpreters without sufficient B language proficiency,but also the bilingual representation effect on the activation and inhibition of de-verbalization and transcodage.Connectionist Parallel Distributed Processing Model,with such features as parallel distribution,activation upon threshold of weights and network interaction,can explain the parallel activation of both de-verbalization and transcodage.