竹炭配施有机肥对砜嘧磺隆胁迫下土壤微生物特性及烟草生长的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Bamboo Charcoal and Organic Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Properties and Growth of Tobacco Plants under Rimsulfuron Stress

以毕纳1号烟草为供试材料,在砜嘧磺隆残留土壤中配施竹炭和有机肥,测定不同时期烟株农艺性状,烟株根系土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量和脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性,烟叶生理生化指标和化学成分及烟叶和土壤的砜嘧磺隆残留量,并分析其相关性,为前茬除草剂土壤残留致后茬烟草药害的缓解及其污染土壤的修复提供科学依据。结果表明:每株烟草配施4%竹炭和有机肥100 g对砜嘧磺隆胁迫下烟株的修复效果最佳,使其基本恢复到正常生长水平。烟苗移栽后30 d和60 d,4%竹炭配施有机肥100 g处理显著增加了土壤中微生物数量,烟株根际土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量比药剂对照分别提高61. 29%、118. 18%、146. 67%和84. 84%、73. 52%、48. 14%,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性分别比药剂对照提高74. 29%、64. 95%、131. 59%、56. 65%和84. 56%、63. 09%、121. 44%、57. 02%;烟苗移栽后90 d,增加了致害烟叶的过氧化氢酶活性、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量,减少了致害烟叶的丙二醛含量;同时加快了砜嘧磺隆在土壤中的降解速率,改善了致害烟叶品质,其糖碱比(9. 66)和氮碱比(0. 99)处于优质烟叶范围。相关性分析表明,配施竹炭和有机肥的烟株根际土壤微生物数量与脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性呈正相关关系;根际土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性与烟叶品质间具有明显的相关性。总之,竹炭配施有机肥对砜嘧磺隆残留土壤微生物数量和酶活性有明显提高作用,增强了致害烟株的抗逆性,对致害烟株有较好的修复效果。

The tobacco variety Bi’na No.1 was adopted as the test material,bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer were applied to the rimsulfuron residue soil,and some indexes were determined including the agronomic traits of tobacco plants,the number of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi in the root system of tobacco plants,the activities of urease,sucrase,phosphatase and catalase in different periods,the physiological and biochemical indexes and the chemical components of tobacco leaves,and the rimsulfuron residue in tobacco leaves and soil in mature period,and their correlations were analyzed,to provide scientific basis for relieving the phytotoxicity of the following tobacco caused by the residues of previous herbicide in soil and remediating the polluted soil.The results showed that 4%bamboo charcoal and 100 g organic fertilizer per tobacco plant had the best remediation effects on the damaged tobacco plants under rimsulfuron stress,so that they basically returned to normal growth level.At 30 days and 60 days after transplanting tobacco seedlings,the amount of microorganisms in the soil was significantly enhanced by applying 100 g organic fertilizer and 4%bamboo charcoal per tobacco plant.The numbers of bacteria,actinomycetes,fungi in rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants were increased by 61.29%,118.18%,146.67%and 84.84%,73.52%,48.14%compared with the drug control,respectively.The activities of soil urease,sucrase,phosphatase and catalase were increased by 74.29%,64.95%,131.59%,56.65%and 84.56%,63.09%,121.44%,57.02%,compared with the drug control,respectively.At 90 days after transplanting,the CAT activity,soluble protein and chlorophyll contents were increased,and the MDA content was reduced in the damaged tobacco leaves.At the same time,the degradation rate of rimsulfuron in soil was accelerated,and the quality of the damaged tobacco leaves was improved,in which the sugar-alkali ratio(9.66)and nitrogen-alkali ratio(0.99)were in the range of high quality tobacco leaves.The correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the number of soil microorganism in the rhizosphere of tobacco treated by bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer and the activities of urease,sucrase,phosphatase and catalase.Rhizosphere soil microorganism amount and soil enzyme activities had obvious correlation with tobacco leaf quality.Combined application of bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer could obviously increase the number of microorganisms and enzyme activity in the residual soil of rimsulfuron,enhance the stress resistance of the damaged tobacco under rimsulfuron,and have better remediation effects on the damaged tobacco plants.