不同保水固沙措施对沙培番茄生长和基质环境的影响

Effects of Different Water Retention and Sand Fixation Measures on Growth and Substrate Environment of Sand-culture Tomato

针对我国荒漠化危害严重,不利于植物种植等系列问题,以番茄为试验材料,结合纸膜、保水剂、生物基固沙剂等不同保水固沙措施,分析各处理下基质的理化性质以及番茄的生物学性状,以探明各处理对沙地环境的改善效果及对番茄生长的影响,为沙漠的防治及沙产业的发展提供参考。结果表明:瓦楞纸处理显著提高了番茄果实的有机酸、可溶性糖含量,分别比CK高27. 78%、8. 87%,其pH值比CK高0. 89,速效氮含量是CK的40倍;牛皮纸处理20~40 cm含水量比CK高73. 40%;保水剂处理可明显促进根系的生长发育,其根长、根直径以及体积分别比CK高16. 25%、29. 17%、56. 58%,番茄可溶性固形物含量比CK高7. 17%,沙子的比重和总孔隙度分别比CK高12. 88%、38. 35%,但容重比CK低6. 88%;生物基B处理可明显提高果实内可溶性糖含量,比CK高15. 53%,可显著提高沙子中的速效钾含量,比CK高55. 99%,有机质含量比CK高10. 91%;生物基A处理对番茄的株高有明显的促进作用,比CK高19. 81%,叶绿素含量比CK高8. 24%,番茄根系的总长比CK高45. 95%,叶片净光合速率是CK的1. 66倍,蒸腾速率以及气孔导度都相对较高,果实内可溶性固形物以及可溶性糖的含量分别比CK高6. 33%、8. 87%,容重比CK高3. 33%,速效氮含量是CK的16倍。通过主成分分析,生物基A的综合得分最高。因此,生物基A处理对促进番茄生长发育以及改善沙地生态环境效果最显著。

Desertification in China caused a series of problems including limitation of plant growth.Using tomato as a test material combining different water retention and sand fixation measures such as water retaining agent,bio-sand-fixing agents,paper film,etc,the physical and chemical properties of the substrate and the biological characteristics of the tomato under each treatment 0x09were analyzed,and the improvement effect of each treatment on the sandy environment and the growth of tomato were determined,which provided a reference for the prevention and control of desert and the development of sand industry.The results showed that:the corrugated paperboard treatment significantly improved the content of organic acid and soluble sugar,which was 27.78%and 8.87%higher than that of CK,the pH value was 0.89 higher than that of CK,the available nitrogen content was 40 times that of CK.Kraft paper treatment can keep the water content in sand,and the water content of 20-40 cm sand was 73.4%higher than that of CK.The water-holding agent treatment can obviously promote the growth and development of root,root length,diameter and volume ratio,which was 16.25%,29.17%,56.58%higher than that of CK,besides water-holding agent treatment also can improve tomato soluble solid content,which was 7.17%higher than that of CK,and increase the proportion of sand and total porosity,which was 12.88%,38.35%higher than that of CK,but the weight ratio was 6.88%lower than that of CK.The Bio-B treatment can significantly improve the content of soluble sugar,available potassium and organic in fruit,which was 15.53%,55.99%and 10.91%higher than that of CK.The Bio-A treatment has a significant effect on plant height of tomato,which was 19.81%higher than that of CK,chlorophyll content and root total length was 8.24%and 45.95%higher than that of CK,net photosynthetic rate was 1.66 times that of CK,transpiration rate and stalemate conductance were relatively high,soluble solids and soluble sugars were 6.33%and 8.87%higher than that of CK,density ratio was 3.33%higher than that of CK and nitrogen content was 16 times that of CK.Through principal component analysis,score of bio-A treatment was the highest.Therefore,the bio-A treatment has the most remarkable effect on promoting growth and development of tomato and improving the ecological environment of sandy land.