近年我国重要苹果病害发生概况及研究进展

Occurrence of and research progress in important apple diseases in China in recent years

苹果是我国最重要的经济作物之一,截至2015年我国苹果种植面积达到232万hm^2,总产量超过4 200万t。各种病害仍是困扰我国苹果产业健康发展的限制性因素。腐烂病和枝干轮纹病依然是我国苹果最重要的枝干病害,斑点落叶病和白粉病连年发生,危害加重;霉心病在一些产区成为产业发展的限制性因素。病毒病病原种类还在增加,发生程度不断加重,已经上升为苹果主要病害。随着老果园重建的大范围开展,再植病害已经成为苹果产业可持续发展的障碍;缺素、裂果和冻害等非侵染性病害虽然不具传染性,但近年来发生面积不断扩大,对苹果产量的威胁在某些年份甚至较侵染性病害更为严重。本文系统总结了自2013年以来这些苹果主要病害的发生概况及研究进展,并分析了目前存在的问题,提出了相应的建议。

Apple is one of the most important economic crops in China.As of 2015,the planting area of apple reached 2.32 million hm 2,with its total yield exceeding 42 million tons.Various diseases are still limiting factors to the healthy development of apple industry in China.Valsa canker and ring rot diseases are still the most important branch diseases of apple in China.Alternaria leaf spot and powdery mildew occurred more and more seriously in successive years.Apple mould core disease has become the limiting factor in the industrial development in some areas.The number and severity of viral diseases are increasing,which has risen to the main disease of apple.With the extensive development of the old orchard reconstruction,replant disease has become an obstacle to the sustainable development of apple industry.Although the non-infective diseases such as nutritional deficiency,fruit cracking and freezing damage are not infectious,the occurrence area has been expanding in recent years,and their threat to apple yield is more serious in some years than that of infective diseases.This review systematically summarized the general situation and research progress of the major apple diseases since 2013,and analyzed the existing problems and put forward some suggestions.