STEM教育中如何实现教育公平——《STEM教育需要所有儿童:公平问题的批判性审视》报告启示

How to Achieve Educational Equity in STEM education——The Enlightenment of the Report STEM Education Needs All Children:A Critical Examination of Equity Issues

教育公平是STEM教育的重要问题。STEM教育公平的实现不仅要注意宏观的教育环境,还要关注具体的学习活动。美国五大湖公平中心(The Great Lakes Equity Center)2013年发布的《STEM教育需要所有儿童:公平问题的批判性审视》报告,分析了教育公平理念下STEM教育中探究学习活动的设计,为教师在教学实践中体现教育公平理念提供了指导;同时提出了保障STEM教育中探究学习公平开展的课程注意事项以及分析工具,为学校从组织能力和课程教学两个方面评价STEM教育公平提供了参考。我国STEM教育虽然已经逐步展开,但是仍在起步探索阶段,对于如何满足不同地域、不同阶层学习者的学习特征方面,还有待完善。根据教育公平理念下STEM教育中探究学习的设计及保障措施特点,我国在设计与实施STEM教育时,需注意尊重学生的文化差异,构建平等、协作的教育文化环境,通过多元教学评价以及文化回应性教学等,推进STEM教育的探索与实践。

Education equity is an important issue in STEM education.To realize STEM education fairness,not only the macroscopic educational environment,but also the specific learning activities should be paid attention to.The Great Lakes Equity Center in US released the report STEM Education Needs All Children:A Critical Examination of Equity Issues in 2013,which analyzed the design of inquiry learning activities in STEM education under the concept of educational equity,and provided the guidance on embodying the concept of educational equity for teachers in the teaching practice;it also put forward the STEM Lesson Considerations and STEM educational equity analysis tool at the same time,providing important reference for the school to evaluate the equity of STEM education from two aspects:organizational ability and curriculum teaching.Although STEM education has developed gradually in China,it is still in the initial stage of exploration.It needs to be improved on how to satisfy the learning characteristics of learners from different regions and different classes.According to the characteristics of the design and the safeguard measures of inquiry learning in STEM education under the concept of educational equity,the cultural differences of students should be respected to construct an equal and collaborative educational and cultural environment,and through the multi-teaching evaluation and cultural responsive teaching,the exploration and practice of STEM education can be promoted in China.