CO_2浓度升高对红色型豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响

Effects of CO_2 enrichment on the biological characteristics of the red morph of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera:Aphididae)

【目的】为探明红色型豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum吸食不同CO_2浓度下培育的苜蓿Medicago staiva后对其生物学特性的间接影响,明确CO_2浓度升高在豌豆蚜种群演替中的作用。【方法】在二氧化碳光照培养箱内设置380μL/L(对照)、550μL/L和750μL/L 3个CO_2浓度培育苜蓿幼苗并连续饲养红色型豌豆蚜6代,观察分析各代蚜虫的生长发育参数、繁殖参数以及种群生命参数。【结果】CO_2浓度升高对红色型豌豆蚜生物学参数具有显著影响(P <0.05)。随着CO_2浓度升高、世代数目增加,各处理红色型豌豆蚜若蚜历期明显延长、成蚜期显著缩短、平均产蚜量明显降低。而且,在同一世代中,随着CO_2浓度升高,豌豆蚜净增殖率R_0、内禀增长率r_m和周限增长率λ均降低,而平均世代周期T先缩短后延长。与对照相比,在750μL/L CO_2浓度下,净增殖率最大下降为同世代的7.71%,内禀增长率最大降低为同世代的34.57%,周限增长率最大降低为同世代的84.39%。【结论】大气CO_2浓度升高对红色型豌豆蚜种群数量产生不利的影响,且随世代数的增加影响越显著。

【Aim】To reveal the biological characteristics of the red morph of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum after feeding on Medicago staiva seedlings cultivated under different CO 2 concentrations,and to verify the population succession of this insect under elevated CO 2 concentration.【Methods】Red pea aphids were reared on M.staiva seedlings under three CO 2 concentrations[380(CK),550 and 750μL/L]in CO 2 gradient chamber for six consecutive generations,and the growth parameters,reproductive parameters and population life parameters for each generation were observed and analyzed.【Results】The elevated CO 2 concentrations presented significant effects on the biological parameters of red pea aphids(P<0.05).With the increase of CO 2 concentration and the number of generations of the pea aphid,the developmental duration of red pea aphids was significantly prolonged,whereas the adult longevity was significantly shortened and the mean fecundity significantly decreased(P<0.05).Moreover,with the increase of CO 2 concentration,the net reproductive rate(R 0),intrinsic increase rate(r m)and finite increase rate(λ)of the same generation were all decreased,while the generation time(T)was shortened and then extended.The maximum net reproductive rate,intrinsic increase rate and finite increase rate in the pea aphid reared on M.staiva seedlings under 750μL/L CO 2 concentration were decreased by 7.71%,34.57%and 84.39%respectively,as compared with the control.【Conclusion】The elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration presents negative effects on the population of the red morph of the pea aphid,which are more significant with the increase of generations.