6061铝合金约束Al_2O_3陶瓷球复合材料抗弹性能和抗弹机理研究

Ballistic performance and anti-ballistic mechanism of 6061 aluminum confined Al_2O_3 ceramic composite material

采用挤压铸造浸渗成型的方法制备了6061铝合金约束直径为6 mm的Al_2O_3陶瓷球复合材料,并通过12. 7 mm穿燃弹和30 mm穿甲弹打靶试验,验证了复合材料的抗弹性能,得到了靶体破坏与弹丸侵彻特征。结果表明:密度为3. 3～3. 4 g/cm^3的复合材料其抗12. 7 mm穿燃弹和30 mm穿甲弹的质量防护系数分别大于2. 2和1. 7。6061铝合金约束陶瓷球复合材料受力时相邻球体间发生碰撞将弹丸集中冲击载荷变成局部分布载荷,同时软质的合金与硬质的陶瓷球交替排布起到了分散能量和加快弹丸冲击力的激波反射,这是提高复合材料的抗弹性能的原因所在。

A kind of metal-confined ceramic composite in which the matrix alloy is 6061 aluminum and the diameter of Al 2O 3 ceramic ball is 6 mm was fabricated by squeeze casting.The ballistic efficiency factor of the composite material was obtained through 12.7 mm and 30 mm armor piercing experiments and the anti-ballistic mechanism and damage mechanism were investigated.The results show that the mass efficiency of the metal-confined ceramic composite armors with average density about 3.3-3.4 g/cm 3 resisting against 12.7 mm and 30 mm armor piercing bullets exceeds 2.2 and 1.7 respectively.A concentrated shock load on the surface of composite materials might be tranfered to a locally uniform load due to the impacts among ceramic balls.On the other hand,an array arranged alternately by flexible 6061 aluminum ball and hard Al 2O 3 ceramic ball in composite materials could disperse energy and increase the shock-wave reflection,resulting in the improvement of the ballistic performance of composite target.The energy absorbing mechanism reveals that the innovated armor is able to protect against projectiles,together with the benefit of weight saving.