城市化对台州市蝴蝶多样性的影响

Effects of Urbanization on Butterfly Diversity of Taizhou

蝴蝶是城市化对生物多样性影响评价的重要指示生物。台州市的城市化水平不断提高,但对生物多样性的影响一直没有得到评估。2017年4—9月,按城市化水平梯度,选取市区、郊区、农村3个样区,采用样线调查法对蝴蝶的种类和数量进行逐月调查并进行统计分析。结果显示,3个样区共调查到蝴蝶5科85属142种,优势种为菜粉蝶Pieris rapae; Margalef物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数均为:农村>郊区>市区,且差异有统计学意义; 3个样区在科数、属数和物种数之间的差异均有统计学意义,同一样区的样线之间的差异均无统计学意义;在个体数水平上,农村样线1(V1)与城市样线1(U1),V1与城市样线2(U2),农村样线2(V2)与U1之间的差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05),其他样线之间的差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。由此可见,城市化对台州市蝴蝶多样性产生了显著的影响,城市化水平与蝴蝶种类和数量存在显著负相关;蝴蝶种及以上水平适合作为台州市城市化水平的评估指标。

Butterfly is an important biological indicator for evaluating the impact of the urbanization on biodiversity.Urbanization is increasing in Taizhou city.However,the impact of urbanization on butterfly diversity has not been evaluated.From April to September in 2017,6 line-transects in 3 different urbanized regions were selected according to the urbanization gradient,and line-transect method was taken for the butterfly survey;meanwhile,statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the effects of urbanization on the butterfly diversity of Taizhou city.The results showed that 142 species of butterflies,belonging to 85 genera and 5 families,were investigated,and Pieris rapae was the dominant species.The Margalef richness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index of these butterflies were ranked as rural>suburb>urban,and the differences were significant.Significant differences were detected in the number of families,genera and species among 3 different urbanized regions;but there was no significant difference between the 2 line-transects of the same region.In individual level,significant differences were observed between the rural line-transect 1(V1)and the urban line-transect 1(U1),V1 and U2,and V2 and U1.It is concluded that urbanization has negative effect on the number of species and the individuals of butterfly in Taizhou city,and the number of butterfly in the upper species level is suitable for evaluating urbanization in Taizhou city.