基于MaxEnt模型的九寨沟国家级自然保护区川金丝猴适宜生境研究

Study on the Suitable Habitat of Rhinopithecus roxellana in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve Using MaxEnt Model

川金丝猴Rhinopithecus roxellana是我国特有的灵长类重点保护物种,九寨沟国家级自然保护区是其分布区之一。利用MaxEnt模型对九寨沟国家级自然保护区川金丝猴生境进行研究,结果显示:(1) MaxEnt模型的预测准确度极高,训练集受试者工作特征曲线下面积达到0. 981±0. 011;(2)保护区内川金丝猴的适宜生境面积为7 519. 68 hm2,占保护区总面积的11. 7%,主要分布在北部的林地中;(3)根据贡献率、置换重要值和Jackknife检验,影响川金丝猴分布的最主要环境因子是海拔和距公路距离,植被型、坡向和距步道距离的影响次之,其他环境因子的影响较小;(4)川金丝猴适宜生境的海拔为2 100~3 500 m,距公路和步道距离分别为700~5 000 m和150~3 500 m,位于南坡、西南坡、西坡和西北坡的寒温性针叶林、温性针叶林、针阔混交林和落叶阔叶林中。根据分析结果,建议减少人类活动对川金丝猴的干扰,加强对保护区边缘地域的生境保护,确保川金丝猴适宜生境与周边地区的连通性。

Rhinopithecus roxellana is one of the most important primate species endemic in China,and Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve is one of its distribution regions.By using the MaxEnt model,the habitat suitability of Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve for the survival of R.roxellana was explored in this study.We found that:(1)the accuracy of MaxEnt model was very high,as indicated by the value of the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.981±0.011;(2)The suitable habitat area of R.roxellana in the reserve was 7 519.68 hm 2,which accounted for 11.7%of the total area of the reserve,especially in the northern forest;(3)The most important environmental factors affecting R.roxellana were the elevation and man-made interference(the distance to road)as determined by the analyses of percent contribution,permutation importance and Jackknife test,following by the vegetation type,aspect and distance to the walking track;(4)R.roxellana preferred the south,southwest,west or northwest slope in the cold temperate coniferous forest,temperate coniferous forest,coniferous forest and deciduous forests with elevation between 2 100-3 500 m,and the distance to the road and the walking tact were 700-5 000 m and 150-3 500 m,respectively.Finally,we suggest to reduce the disturbance of human activities to R.roxellana,to strengthen the protection of the habitats in the border areas of the reserve,and to ensure the connectivity between the suitable habitat in the reserve and the surrounding areas of R.roxellana.