电磁轨道炮常用材料的电热特性分析

Analysis of Electro-thermal Properties of Common Materials in Railgun

针对轨道炮发射过程中存在的枢轨电热损伤问题,建立了电磁与热扩散模型,模拟了枢轨材料暴露在强磁场环境下的电热物理变化过程,分析了10种常见材料的电热物理表现及其适用性,考察了材料的耐磁极限和耐电流极限,通过调整材料的电热参数,归纳了各电热参量对材料温升的影响规律。研究结果表明:在25 T磁场环境下,计算获得的最小温升材料为C11000;材料的电导率与其均流效果成反比;而其温升过程则受多个物性参量耦合控制,其中比热容对温升的影响作用最大。

To study the problem of rail/armature electro-thermal damage during railgun launching,a model of electromagnetic and thermal diffusion was built,and the electro-thermal physical change process of different rail/armature materials was simulated.Electro-thermal physical manifestations and applicability of ten common materials were analyzed,and the limits of bearing magnetic field and current density were investigated.By adjusting the material parameters,the influence of different parameters on the temperature rise of materials was summarized.The results show that the C11000 is the minimum temperature-rise material for 25 T magnetic field.The uniform distribution of current is inversely proportional to the electrical conductivity of material.The temperature rise process is controlled by multiple physical-parameters coupling,and the effect of the heat capacity on temperature rise is greatest.