城市工作贫困及其影响因素研究——来自CFPS数据的实证

A Study on the Working Poor in the City and Its Influencing Factors:Evidence from CFPS Data

市场经济的发展衍生出一部分即使努力工作也无法摆脱贫困的城市工作贫困群体,其生活状况一直为社会所忽视。本文以劳动者工作现状和相对贫困线为标准测量城市工作贫困程度,利用中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)测算出我国城市社会的工作贫困发生率为27%左右,工作贫困深度平均约为84%。并构建了城市工作贫困及其贫困深度的影响因素模型,实证结果表明:家庭负担大是工作贫困者相对于传统贫困的典型特征,而职业和行业收入差异是工作贫困者无法通过工作改善生计的主要原因。关注城市工作贫困群体的生计问题,提升人力资本、消除职业壁垒和加强困难群体教育及医疗等综合措施是缓解城市工作贫困的有效路径。

With the development of market economy,there are part of the urban workers can not get rid of poverty even if they work hard.Their living conditions have been ignored by the community.Based on the work status quo and the relative poverty line,this paper measures the poverty degree of urban workers,and uses the Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to measure the working poor in our urban society.It displays the working poor rate is 26%and the depth of work poverty is 84%.This paper also constructed the model of influencing factors of urban working poverty.The empirical results show that the family burden is the typical characteristic of the working poor relative to the traditional poverty,and the labor market exclusion is the main reason why the working poor cannot improve their livelihood through work.It is an effective way to alleviate the poverty of urban worker by focusing on the livelihood problems of urban working poor groups.Raising human capital,promoting employment further,eliminating occupational barriers and strengthening the difficulties of group education and medical treatment could be helpful.