身份认同与制度制定权:反政治社会化行为的解释机制

Identity and Power to Establish Institution: An Interpretative Mechanism of Anti-Political Socialization

政治社会化理论关注微观个体形成政治价值、身份认同和宏观政治体系传递意识形态的过程,其关注点是政治体系的稳定与持续。政治社会化理论也存在如何跨越微观-宏观之间的理论困境:如何解释个体和群体的反政治社会化行为。植入身份认同的筛选机制,可以使政治社会化理论解释微观个体的反政治社会化行为;借鉴广义制度变迁理论,从其五个阶段进行整体思考,可以解释个体反政治社会化行为克服集体行动困境从而赢得制度制定权并创建新制度、复制新制度,并最终实现新制度的稳定化,这可以使政治社会化理论解释群体的反政治社会化行为导致的宏观层面的制度变迁。关注身份认同和制度制定权,政治社会化理论可以打通微观-宏观之间的理论鸿沟,从而完善其对个体与群体反政治社会化行为的解释机制。

The theory of political socialization focuses on the stability and continuity of political system,including the process of microscopic observation of an individual’s acquisition of his political values and identity and the transmission of ideology by the macro political system.However,this theory faces a theoretical difficulty in bridging the gap between the micro and the macro perspectives:i.e.how to explain the antipolitical socializations by the individual and by the collective.The theory of political socialization will explain individual’s anti-political behavior if it is implanted with the mechanism of identity;it will also explain the collective’s anti-political behavior if it incorporates the five steps of the general theory of institutional change.Combining identity with power to establish institution,the theory of political socialization can bridge the gap between the micro and the macro political systems,thus improving its interpretative mechanism for explaining both the individual’s and the collective’s anti-political actions.