论法律实施中的地方因素及其调适——以民国《党员背誓罪条例》为例

Influence of Local Factors on the Implementation and Adjustment of Law: Taking as an Example Regulations on the Violation of the Oath by Party Members

法律在实施的过程中,往往会受到地方因素的影响。如果法律受到地方政府和司法的抵制,则必将大大影响其实效,甚至危及其权威性和公信力,从而迫使法律作出适当的调整。民国时期《党员背誓罪条例》颁布以后,虽然获得了地方政府的广泛支持,但也在学理上引起了一定的质疑,同时在地方司法中也出现了适用的困惑。这些客观情况的出现,迫使条例进行了调整,并最终随着刑法典的颁布而退出历史舞台。这一过程较为清晰地展现了地方因素对国家法律实施过程的影响,并通过这种影响最终推动着法律的调适与变迁,同时也展现出地方对于国家法治发展的回应与推动。

In the process of its implementation,the law is often affected by local factors.The resistance from the local government and judiciary will greatly reduce the effect of the national law and even endanger its authority and credibility,thus forcing the law to make corresponding adjustments.In the Republic of China,after Regulations on the Violation of the Oath by Party Members was issued,despite wide support from the local governments,the regulation aroused some doubts in the academic circles and faced some difficulties in the local application.These problems forced the regulation to be adjusted and finally withdraw from the stage of history due to the enactment of the Penal Code.This process has clearly demonstrated the influence of local factors on the process of national law implementation,which will finally promote the adaptation and change of the law.It has also shown the local response to and promotion of the development of the state’s rule of law.