晚清民国旗人社会变迁与文学的互动

Interaction between Social Changes of the Bannermen and Literature in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

晚清至民国的旗人文学伴随社会时势变迁经历了三次转型:一是从鸦片战争之后到甲午战争之前尽管已经出现了对于帝制王朝及其意识形态的犹疑与焦虑,但依然葆有一定程度的文化自信,并体现在文学书写的想象性纾解之中;二是甲午战争到辛亥革命前后,旗人群体在民族主义话语中出现分化,伴随着新兴媒体的崛起和底层旗人社会位置的变化而带来关注民生的启蒙式书写,既有怀旧式的认同,又有向往革命的追求,由此带来了写实的美学风格与通俗的白话技巧;三是民国初至1949年间,旗人作为职业性为主的族群向现代国家里的少数民族"满族"的转化,这中间经历了对于从文化民族到政治民族、从满洲认同到"中华民族"认同的重塑。作为文学史的侧面,旗人文学的嬗变生动地显示了近现代中国转型里多元族群分化重组的历史过程和心理过程。

The bannermen’s literature in China underwent three transformations due to the social changes from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.Between the first Opium War in 1840 and the Sino-Japanese War in 1894,the bannermen’s literature still cherished its cultural self-confidence in imaginative writings to a certain extent,though it had already shown some hesitation and anxiety about the imperial dynasty and its ideology.Before and after the Revolution of 1911,the banner people began to split into different groups in the context of nationalism.With the rise of new media and the decline of the social position of the lower-class banner people,there appeared enlightenment writings concerning people’s livelihood,presenting the nostalgic identification and the pursuit of revolution.This brought about a realistic aesthetic style and popular vernacular linguistic skills in their writings.From the beginning of the Republic of China to 1949,the banner people as a professionally-oriented group were transformed into the Man ethnic minority in the modern nation-state.They have experienced the identity remodeling from a cultural ethnic group to a political ethnic minority and from belonging to Manchu to the identification with the“Chinese nation”.As a part of literary history,the evolution of the bannermen’s literature vividly shows the historical and psychological process of the differentiation and reorganization of multi-ethnic groups in the transformation of modern China.