“以”字处置式研究

On the Mandarin Chinese Disposal Construction with Yi

"以"字处置式形成于先秦时期,它的形成经历了"连动式—工具式—处置式"三个阶段。在连动式"以_(动词)+N_1+V+N_2"中,当"以"表示"使用"义时,"N_1"可以理解为"V+N_2"凭借的工具,因此"以"逐渐语法化为工具介词。在工具式"以_(介词)+N_1+V+N_2"中,"以_(介词)+N_1"可以看做是对"N_1"的强调,由此"以"可以理解为焦点标记,在双宾语句式的影响下,形成"以"字处置式。由于"以"字处置式是由"以"字工具式演变而来,因此"以"字式具有多义性,影响了"以"字处置式的发展,从而为"将/把"广义处置式的形成提供了可能。

The disposal construction with yi以in Mandarin Chinese was formed in the pre-Qin period.Its formation experienced three stages:i.e.from serial verb construction to instrumental construction to disposal construction.In the serial verb construction“yiverb+N1+V+N2”,when the verb yi means“use”,N1 can be understood as an instrument involved in the action indicated by“V+N2”,and then yi was gradually grammaticalized from a verb into an instrumental preposition.In the instrumental construction“yipre+N1+V+N2”,yi can be regarded as a focus marker of N1.Under the influence of the double object construction,the instrumental construction with yi as a focus marker then developed into a disposal construction.Because the disposal construction involving yi evolved from the instrumental construction with yi,the meaning of yi is ambiguous in that it can be either an instrumental preposition or a disposal preposition.This ambiguity hindered the development of the disposal construction with yi,thus making it possible to be replaced by the generalized disposal constructions involving jiang将and ba把.