基于《汉语大词典》的汉语词汇历时演变计量研究

A Quantitative Analysis of Chinese Vocabulary Evolution Based on The Great Chinese Dictionary

汉语词汇演变是汉语史的重要研究课题,然而由于带标注历时语料库的缺乏,词汇史的研究多为定性研究,宏观的、整体的定量研究还很难实现。本文运用数据库技术和计量方法,在人工标注历史性语文辞典《汉语大词典》的30多万个词条的80多万条书证的时代信息后,对词典中的词汇、义项数量和词长在历代的分布进行了统计学描绘,分析词汇的宏观演变,使用回归分析方法获得了当代词汇的词汇留存度和时代的对数曲线方程,为汉语史研究提供了重要的基础资源和公式。

The evolution of Chinese vocabulary is the key research field of the Chinese language history.For the lack of the tagged diachronic corpus,the overall quantitative analysis of the evolution of the Chinese vocabulary is hard to achieve.The Great Chinese Dictionary recording senses of both ancient and contemporary words as historical resources was used.By manually labelling the periods of over 800,000 example sentences concerning over 300,000 entries in the dictionary,a diachronic Chinese lexical database was constructed.Then the number and word length of contemporary vocabulary in each historical period were presented and the correlation between the number of words and their age was estimated by regression analysis.This study provides basic resources and facilitate the use of quantitative analysis in the study of Chinese language history.