底质类型对三亚湾潮间带大型底栖动物生态功能的影响

Effects of the sediment type on ecological functions of macrobenthos in the intertidal zones of Sanya Bay

根据2014年3月在海南三亚湾及湾内东、西琩洲岛获取的9条潮间带断面(3条砂质和6条岩礁)中潮区生物调查数据,分析底质类型对潮间带大型底栖动物生态功能的影响。结果显示,(1)移动能力弱、掘洞型和滤食性的底栖动物在砂质海滩有较多分布,而不移动、移动能力强、固着型、爬行型以及植食性和捕食性的底栖动物在岩礁海岸分布较多;(2)主坐标典型性分析(CAP)显示,9条潮间带断面的大型底栖动物可明显分为岩礁和砂质2群,不同底质的潮间带断面大型底栖动物具有不同的性状模式,其中迁移能力、栖息方式和食性是造成其差异的主要原因;(3)大型底栖动物的香农多样性指数(H′)和功能多样性指数(FD)均呈岩礁潮间带断面高于砂质潮间带断面;(4)2种底质海滩的大型底栖动物均具有较高的功能冗余,但砂质海滩略高于岩礁海滩。

Based on the macrobenthic samples collected from 9 mid-tidal sites(3 in sandy beaches and 6 in gravel beaches)in Sanya Bay,Dongmaozhou and Ximaozhou Island in March 2014,the influences of the sediment type on ecological functions of macrobenthos were studied.The results showed that①low mobility,burrower and filter-feeder were more in sandy beaches,however,the none and high mobility,sessile,surface crawler/swimmer,herbivore and predator-feeder were more observed in gravel beaches;②canonical analysis of principal coordinates(CAP)showed that different sediments had different trait patterns,and mobility,habitat and feeding mode were the main factors for the differences;③both Shannon-Wiener index and functional diversity were generally higher in gravel beaches than those in sandy beaches;④the functional redundancy was all high,however,it was higher in sandy beaches than in gravel beaches.