超声条件下新型环醚类季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成

Synthesis of a new cyclic ether quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant under ultrasonic condition

采用三乙胺(TEA)与环氧氯丙烷(EPIC)合成了新型环醚类季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂——失水甘油基三乙基氯化铵(GTA),超声条件下得到GTA的最佳合成条件为:超声频率50 kHz,反应体系p H=9,反应温度30℃,n(EPIC)∶n(TEA)=1.0∶1.4,反应时间1.3 h。GTA为白色针状晶体,产率为97.86%,熔点为138.5~139.8℃。通过元素分析和FTIR对产品进行了表征,并对GTA的表面活性、泡沫性能和乳化性能进行了研究。实验结果表明:GTA的临界胶束浓度为1.05×10^(-3) mol/L,临界胶束浓度点对应的表面张力为37.56 mN/m,泡沫形成稳定性高,起泡能力强,乳化能力好,是一种良好的水包油型乳化剂。

The cyclic ethers with quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant activity,which can be modifi ed by active hydrogen-containing organic compounds,have been widely used.A new cyclic ether quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant glyceryl triethyl ammonium chloride(GTA)was synthesized from triethylamine(TEA)and epichlorohydrin(EPIC),and the best experimental conditions for the synthesis of GTA under ultrasonic condition were:ultrasonic frequency 50 kHz,reaction system pH 9,reaction temperature 30℃,n(EPIC)∶n(TEA)1.0∶1.4,and reaction time 1.3 h.The GTA was in the form of white needle crystals with its yield being 97.86%and its melting point being 138.5-139.8℃.The product was characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR,and the surface activity,foaming properties and emulsifi cation of the product were investigated.The results showed that critical micelle concentration was 1.05×10-3 mol/L,surface tension corresponding to critical micelle concentration was 37.56 mN/m,high foam formation stability,strong foaming ability and good emulsifying power;therefore,it was a good O/W emulsifi er.