庆阳市医务人员职业紧张现状调查

Status of occupational stress of health care workers in Qingyang City

目的了解甘肃省庆阳市医务人员职业紧张状况及其影响因素,为缓解医务人员职业紧张,改善职业健康提供科学依据。方法应用职业紧张通用量表(MBI-GS),采用便利抽样方法,对庆阳市七县一区的市、县、乡级医院的医务人员进行调查,应用SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据进行分析。结果共调查18所医疗机构,收集有效问卷494份。494名医务人员中有443名(89.68%)医务人员有职业倦怠,245名(49.60%)有中度及以上职业倦怠,处于较严重水平。3个维度的均分:情绪衰竭(12.65±8.13)分,玩世不恭(6.86±6.09)分,成就感低落(22.48±9.03)分。工作年限≤5年的医务人员情绪衰竭得分低于5～10年组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);工作年限≤5年组的医务人员玩世不恭得分均低于5～10年、10～15年组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。文化程度为硕士及以上的医务人员成就感低落得分低于本科、大专及以下人员,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。职称为正高的医务人员成就感低落得分均高于副高、中级及初级组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别、职业、婚姻状况医务人员在情绪衰竭、玩世不恭、成就感低落3个维度的得分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论甘肃省庆阳市医务人员职业紧张情况较严重,管理部门可针对工作年限久、学历水平高、职称低的医务人员采取针对性的干预措施,缓解医务人员职业压力,保护医务人员职业健康,提高医疗服务水平。

Objective To understand status and influencing factors of occupational stress of health care workers(HCWs)in Qingyang City of Gansu Province,so as to provide scientific basis for alleviating occupational stress and improving occupational health of HCWs.Methods Maslach burnout inventory-general survey(MBI-GS)and convenient sampling method were adopted to conduct survey on HCWs in city,county,and township levels of hospitals in seven counties and one district of Qingyang City,SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.Results A total of 18 medical institutions were surveyed,and 494 valid questionnaires were collected.Among 494 HCWs,443(89.68%)had occupational burnout,245(49.60%)had moderate or above occupational burnout,at a relatively serious level.The mean scores of three dimensions were:emotional exhaustion(12.65±8.13),cynicism(6.86±6.09),and low sense of achievement(22.48±9.03).The score in emotional exhaustion of HCWs with years of service≤5 years was lower than that of 5-10 years group,difference were both significant(P<0.05);and score in cynicism of HCWs with years of service≤5 years was lower than that of 5-10 and 10-15 years,difference were both significant(both P<0.05).The scores in low sense of achievement of HCWs with master degree or higher were lower than those of undergraduate,junior college or lower,difference was significant(P<0.05).The scores in low sense of achievement of HCWs with high professional title were higher than those of associate,middle,and primary groups,difference was significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the scores of emotional exhaustion,cynicism,and low sense of achievement among HCWs of different gender,occupation,and marital status(all P>0.05).Conclusion Occupational stress of HCWs in Qingyang City of Gansu Province is serious,management department can take targeted intervention measures to alleviate occupational stress of HCWs with long length of service year,high educational level,and low professional title,protect occupational health of HCWs,and improve level of medical service.