高温对母猪泌乳和相关调控激素影响的研究进展

Research Progress on Influence of High Temperature on Lactation and Related Regulation Hormones of Sows

母乳的产量和质量对哺乳仔猪的成活率、生长速度及健康程度至关重要,而高温是影响家畜泌乳健康的一个重要环境因素。特别是夏季,动物因长期处于高温环境而容易引发热应激。此外,动物的泌乳过程受到机体内分泌系统的严格调控,涉及多种激素,包括催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)等。很多生产数据和研究结果表明,高温会造成母猪采食量降低,泌乳性能下降以及内分泌状态的改变,进而对母猪、仔猪均产生不利影响。为了保证母猪的健康状态及仔猪良好的生长性能,了解高温对母猪泌乳及相关内分泌激素的影响十分必要。作者针对高温对母猪泌乳量、乳成分和泌乳相关激素的影响进行总结,得到高温会降低母猪泌乳量,改变乳糖、乳脂和乳蛋白的含量及泌乳调控激素水平的结论,为后续探索高温影响母猪泌乳的内分泌机制及寻找适宜的缓解高温对母猪泌乳危害的措施提供参考。

The production and quality of breast milk is crucial for the survival rate,growth rate and health condition of piglets.Hyperthermia is one of the important environmental factors that affect the health of animal lactation.Especially in summer,animals are easily subjected to heat stress due to the long-time high temperature.In addition,the process of lactation is strictly regulated by the body’s endocrine system,involving a variety of hormones,such as prolactin(PRL),growth hormone(GH)and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1).Many production data and researches indicated that hyperthermia induced the decline of food intake and lactation performance and causes changes in the endocrine state of the animal,which seriously affected sows and piglets.Therefore,in order to guarantee the health status of sows and obtain a better growth performance of piglets,it is necessary to find out how hyperthermia influences the sows and related hormones during the process of lactation.In this review,the authors summarized the effects of hyperthermia on milk production,milk composition and hormones related to lactation,founding that hyperthermia will reduce milk production and change the contents of lactose,milk fat,and lactoprotein,as well as the level of hormones related to lactation.It is expected to provide some references for researches on endocrine regulation mechanisms of environmental factors in animal lactation,as well as explorations on appropriate mitigation measures.