哺乳动物附睾特异GPx5功能及其调节机制的研究进展

Research Progress on Function and Regulation Mechanism of Specific GPx5 of Mammalian Epididymis

精子在附睾中的成熟过程是哺乳动物雄配子获得受精能力的关键。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-5(glutathione peroxidase-5,GPx5)作为附睾特异性表达的抗氧化酶具有强抗氧化作用,可调节附睾微环境中的活性氧浓度,保护精子免受脂质过氧化损伤,以维持精子DNA完整性。GPx5还可能对精子活力和顶体反应产生一定影响。GPx5基因的染色体定位及其外显子数存在一定的种间差异,其在不同物种、部位和发育期的表达具有特异性,受雄激素、PEA3因子和ETV4家族等调节。作者就哺乳动物附睾特异GPx5基因的结构与定位、表达特性、功能及其调节机制的研究进展进行综述,以期为进一步研究精子抗氧化机制和提高雄性动物繁殖力提供理论依据。

The sperm maturation in the epididymis is the key to mammalian male gametes gaining fertility capacity.Glutathione peroxidase-5(GPx5)has a strong antioxidant effect as an antioxidant enzyme specifically expressed in the epididymis,which can regulate the concentration of reactive oxygen species in the epididymis microenvironment and protect spermatozoa from lipid peroxidation to maintain DNA integrity of sperm.GPx5 may also have a certain effect on sperm motility and acrosome reaction.The chromosomal location and the number of exons of GPx 5 gene have certain interspecific differences.The expression of GPx 5 gene is specific in different species,parts and developmental stages.The gene expression is regulated by factors such as androgen,PEA3 factor and ETV4 family.The authors reviewed the research advance on the structure and location,expression characteristics,function and regulation mechanism of specific GPx 5 gene of mammalian epididymis in order to provide theoretical basis for further study on sperm antioxidant mechanism and improving male animal fertility.