基于生态系统服务供需的雄安新区生态安全格局构建

Construction of ecological security pattern based on:A case study in Xiongan New Area,Hebei Province,China

生态安全格局构建是保障区域生态安全的关键。沿用"源地识别—阻力面构建—廊道提取"的生态安全格局构建模式,选取粮食供给、产水量、土壤保持、固碳释氧和生境维持5项生态系统服务供给指标,以及人口密度、地均GDP和土地利用程度3项生态系统服务需求指标,综合生态系统服务供需2方面识别重要生态源地,利用夜间灯光强度进行基本阻力面修正,采用最小累积阻力模型进行生态廊道提取,构建出雄安新区生态安全格局。研究表明:新区生态源地总面积约484.33 km2,占新区土地总面积的31.3%,主要分布于新区西北部旱地和东南部水域;新区生态阻力系数空间分布较为破碎,大部分区域阻力值较低,间或分布高阻力值;新区生态廊道总长度185.86 km,呈"Y"字型沿建设用地和水系分布,所处地类主要为旱地。基于生态系统服务供需的生态安全格局构建可为新区规划建设提供参考和借鉴。

Construction of ecological security pattern is the key to ensuring regional ecological security.The mature ecological security pattern construction thought of“source identification-resistance surface construction\|corridor extraction”was used.In consideration of the shortage of ignoring human demand for ecological land in the previous research when identifying source,food supply,water yield,soil conservation,carbon sequestration and oxygen production,and habitat maintenance were selected as ecosystem services supply,and three ecosystem services demand indices of ecosystem services,such as population density,per capita GDP and land use degree were integrated to identify important ecological sources.Then the basic resistance surface was modified by nighttime light intensity and the corridor was extracted using minimum cumulative resistance model.As the result showed,the total area of ecological source in Xiongan New Area was 484.33 km 2,mainly distributed in the dry land of northeast and water of southeast.And the spatial pattern of ecological resistance coefficient in Xiongan New Area was fragmented,with low value in most of the study area.The total length of ecological corridors was 185.86 km,showing a“Y”shape,which was mainly distributed along the construction land and water system.Construction of ecological security pattern based on ecosystem services supply and demand can provide scientific support for the planning and construction of Xiongan New Area.