城市消防站选址布局优化及对雄安新区的启示

Optimizing location of fire stations and it's enlightenments for Xiongan New Area

安全是雄安新区建设发展的重要保障和基础底线。消防救援队伍,承担火灾防范、火灾扑救、抢险救援等工作,是提升新区城市救援能力,保障城市安全的有生力量。消防站是消防救援队伍工作(执勤备战)的场所,优化消防站选址布局意义重大。面向雄安新区消防安全提升和应急救援能力提升需求,针对我国目前消防站建设过程中覆盖率低及消防站建设投资巨大等问题,建立位置集合覆盖模型和最大覆盖模型联合使用的选址方法,增加补充性约束条件对模型进行改进,提出基于GIS的选址模型应用流程,并通过实际案例应用研究,提出雄安新区消防站规划建设的启示建议。

Safety is the basement of Xiongan New Area.To guarantee the safety of Xiongan New Area,fire fighting team is more important because they are responsible for fire prevention,fire fighting,emergency rescue and so on.The significance of optimization location of fire station is unquestioned.Aiming to improve the whole fire safety and emergency rescue ability,and also considering some problems such as low coverage rate and huge investment of fire stations planning and construction,a new method that combined the models of location set covering problem(LSCP)and maximal covering location problem(MCLP)was proposed to optimize the location of fire stations.According to the present fire stations,a constraint condition has been increased to improve the models.An apply process based on GIS is suggested to solve the optimization problem in a city.And an actual case is given to explain the application process.