中国地区要素生产率的变迁:1978～2016

Changes in Factor Productivity in China:1978～2016

研究目标:研究改革开放以来中国地区要素生产率的变迁。研究方法:利用中国30个省份1978~2016年的数据,从东部、中部和西部三大地区层面切入,兼顾要素配置效率和要素生产率协调度,对中国改革开放以来的要素生产率变迁进行测度和分析。研究发现:从要素生产率来看,东部地区的要素生产率高于中部和西部地区,且所有地区的劳动力生产率与全要素生产率都保持着稳定的上升态势,而资本生产率则呈下降态势;从要素配置效率来看,除了劳动力配置效率,西部和中部地区都要高于东部地区,东部地区的劳动力配置效率先降后升,资本配置效率和全要素配置效率先升后降,中部地区的劳动力配置效率和全要素配置效率都是先降后升,资本配置效率则呈下降态势,西部地区劳动力配置效率和全要素配置效率呈上升态势,资本配置效率则是先升后降;除了全要素生产率协调度,西部和中部地区都要高于东部地区,但中部和西部地区的劳动力生产率协调度呈下降态势,而资本生产率协调度则是先升后降,东部地区劳动力生产率协调度与资本生产率协调度呈上升态势,所有地区全要素生产率协调度则都是先升后降。研究创新:从要素生产率、要素配置效率和要素生产率协调度等三个视角对中国地区层面的要素生产率进行测算和分析。研究价值:理解地区要素生产率的变迁,对实施通过提升要素生产率来增加产出的发展模式具有参考价值。

This paper studies the changes in factor productivity in China since the reform and opening up.Research Methods:This paper uses data from 30 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)of China from 1978 to 2016,from the perspective of the eastern,central and western regions,taking into account the coordination of factor productivity and factor allocation efficiencies,to analyze changes in factor productivity since the reform and opening up.Research Findings:From the perspective of factor productivity,the factor productivity in the eastern region is higher than that in the central and western regions,and the labor productivity and total factor productivity in all regions maintain a long-term upward trend while capital productivity is mainly declining.From the perspective of factor allocation efficiency,in addition to the labor allocation efficiency,the central and central regions are higher than the eastern region.The labor allocation efficiency in the eastern region drops firstly and then rose.The capital and total factor allocation efficiency increases firstly and then decreases.The labor allocation efficiency and total factor allocation efficiency in the central region both decrease firstly and then rise,and the capital allocation efficiency decreases almost all the time.The labor allocation efficiency and total factor allocation efficiency in the western region have almost always risen,and the capital allocation efficiency has risen firstly and then decreased.From the perspective of factor productivity coordination,except the coordination rate of total factor productivity,the central and western regions are higher than the eastern region.The coordination rate of labor productivity in the central and western regions declines,and the coordination rate of capital productivity rises firstly and then declines,and the coordination degree of labor productivity and the coordination of capital productivity in the eastern region generally showed an upward trend.The coordination rate of total factor productivity in all regions decreases firstly and then rise.Research Innovations:This paper measures and analyzes factor productivity in China s regional level from three perspectives:factor productivity,factor allocation efficiency,and factor productivity coordination.Research Value:Understanding the changes in regional factor productivity will have a reference value for implementing the development mode of increasing output by increasing factor productivity.