论侦查讯问录音录像的证据能力

On the Admissibility of Audio and Visual Investigation and Interrogation Records

在讨论侦查讯问录音录像的证据能力时,既有研究往往陷入证据概念、证据法定种类的泥潭,应当更新研究方法,着重讨论侦查讯问录音录像的证据方法,如果彻底贯彻严格证明法则下实质直接性的要求,在证明实体争点时,作为间接证据方法下的证据替代品,侦查讯问录音录像原则上应当被禁止;在证明程序争点或者量刑事实时,采自由证明法则,无此限制。《刑事诉讼法》第121条以及相关司法解释对强制性录音录像的要求,宜将其链接至《刑事诉讼法》第54条非法证据排除之规定,作为自白任意性的证明规则予以理解,如有违反,应当一律先行推定自白无任意性,但控方得以反证推翻。

In previous studies on the admissibility of audio and visual investigation and interrogation records,researchers always paid their attention to the concept of the evidence and legal forms of the evidence.However,the previous research method should be renewed and the methods of audio and visual investigation and interrogation records should be analyzed.If the substantial and direct requirement under the principle of strict proving is followed thoroughly,audio and visual investigation and interrogation records as substitute and indirect evidence should not be allowed to prove the entity s arguable facts,but should be allowed to prove sentencing facts and the arguable facts for procedures.The requirements for the imperative audio and visual records in Article 121 of the Criminal Procedure Law a nd relative judicial explanations should be linked with Article 54 of the Criminal Procedure Law about illegal evidence exclusion and understood according to the proving rule about voluntary confession.If the prosecutor or policeman do not obey this rule,a presumption should be set that the confession is illegal.However,the prosecutor is allowed to rebut with contrary proof.