新疆经济林生态系统保育土壤功能及价值评估

Value Assessment of Soil Conservation Function of Xinjiang Non-Timber Product Forests Ecosystem

基于实测数据并结合2014年林果统计年报相关数据,采用经济林在南、北、东疆不同气候条件下的实际生产力,计算经济林生态系统保育土壤实物量,并采用国家荒漠生态系统服务评估规范中的方法和市场经济价值法对新疆经济林保育土壤功能效益进行评估。结果表明:1)全疆经济林保育土壤年总功能量为1.62×10~7 t,总价值量为4.99×10~9元;其中年固土功能量1.54×10~7 t,价值量为2.58×10~8元;年保肥功能量8.23×10~5 t,价值量4.73×10~9元;2)南疆的保育土壤功能量及价值均高于北疆和东疆,初产期在固土能力和保肥能力上均比其他产期高;3)全疆不同经济林树种单位面积固土功能排序为:巴旦木>核桃>枣>其他乔木>梨>苹果>杏;保肥功能则为:枣>巴旦木>杏>其他乔木>核桃>梨>苹果;单位面积保育土壤价值量:梨>枣>杏>其他乔木>巴旦木>苹果>核桃。

Based on the measured data and the relevant data of forest and fruit statistical report in 2014,according to the climatic conditions in northern and southern Xinjiang,the actual productivity of non-timber product forests in different climatic conditions in south,north and east was used to calculate the amount of soil in the forests ecosystem conservation.Methods of national desert ecosystem service evaluation and the market economy value method were used to evaluate the functional benefit of the forest conservation soil in Xinjiang.The results are as follows.1)The total amount of the soil conservation function of non-timber product forests in Xinjiang was 1.62×10 7 t·a-1,the total value was 4.99×10 9 yuan·a-1,in which the soil fixation capacity was 1.54×10 7 t·a-1,with the value of 2.58×10 8 yuan·a-1;forest fertilizer conservation function was 8.23×10 5 t·a-1,the value was 4.73×10 9 yuan·a-1.2)The function and value of soil conservation in southern Xinjiang was higher than those in northern and eastern Xinjiang;and the capacity of soil retention and fertilization in initial period was higher than other period.3)The soil fixation function of different non-timber product forests species per unit area in Xinjiang was in the order of almonds>walnut>jujube>other arbor>pear>apricot>apple.Fertilizer conservation capacity was jujube>almonds>apricot>other arbor>walnut>pear>apple.The amount of soil conservation per unit area was pear>jujube>apricot>other arbor>almond>apple>walnut.