胶州湾表层海水中6类抗菌药物的分布、来源与生态风险

Compositions,sources and ecological risk of 6 antibacterial agents in surface water of the Jiaozhou Bay,China

人畜大量使用的抗菌药物随入海径流和点源排放进入到海洋环境中,其分布迁移特征和生态环境风险备受关注,研究探讨抗菌药物的海洋生物地球化学行为对持续利用海洋资源环境意义重大。本文采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-多反应监测扫描模式-质谱法(SPE-HPLC-MRM-MS),研究了胶州湾2017年8月表层海水中6类20种典型抗菌药物的分布与组成特征,并在此基础上探讨了其来源和生态风险。结果表明,表层海水中6类抗菌药物总浓度为12.59~147.69ng/L,平均浓度为54.82ng/L,就6大类抗菌药物的平均浓度而言,胶州湾表层海水中四环素类浓度最高,均值达41.32ng/L,其次是林可霉素类8.56ng/L,喹诺酮类2.62ng/L,磺胺类1.15ng/L,大环内酯类0.82ng/L,头孢类浓度水平最低为0.35ng/L;头孢类和林可霉素类在我国海洋环境中被检测到系首次报道,其中林可霉素最高值为96.40ng/L;表层水抗菌药物湾内高于湾外,湾内分布呈现近岸高于远岸,湾东高于湾西,湾东近岸海区(站点S5)有最高浓度。人用、兽用和人畜共用抗菌药物所占比例分别为52.0%、30.2%和17.8%,人用药物为其主要来源。生态风险评价结果显示,胶州湾表层水体中氧氟沙星和林可霉素对相应的敏感物种存在高生态风险,S5站邻近为高风险区域,应加强排放监控,减少其危害。

Antimicrobial agents,which are widely used by humans and animals,could enter the marine environment with runoff and point source discharge.The characteristics of distribution,migration and the risk of ecological environment of antimicrobial agents have attracted much attention.Studying the marine biogeochemical behavior of antibiotics is significant for the sustainable utilization of marine resources and environment.The solid phase extraction-high efficiency liquid chromatography-multireaction monitoring scanning mode-mass spectrometry(SPE-HPLC-MRM-MSMS)method was used to analyze the concentration and distribution characteristics of typical antibiotics(6 categories,20 types)in the surface water of the Jiaozhou Bay.The results showed that the total concentration of the antibiotic pollutions ranged from 12.59 ng/L to 147.69 ng/L.The pollution of Tetracycline in the surface water was the most prominent with the highest average concentration of 41.32 ng/L,followed by Lincomycin(8.56 ng/L),Quinolones(2.62 ng/L),Sulfonamides(1.15 ng/L),Macrolides(0.82 ng/L),and Cephalosporins(0.35 ng/L).Cephalosporins and Lincomycin were firstly detected in marine environment of China and the highest concentration of lincomycin reached to 96.40 ng/L.The concentation of antibiotics in the surface water decreased from inshore area to the offshore area.Within the bay,the eastern district showed higher concentrations of antibiotics compared with the western district.The inshore area in east inner bay(station S5)showed the highest average concentration.The proportions of antibiotics for human use,veterinary use and human and animal sharing use were 52.0%,30.2%and 17.8%,respectively,while antibiotics for human use were the main source of antibiotic contamination in the Jiaozhou Bay.The results of ecological risk assessment showed that the residual Ofloxacin and Lincomycin in the surface water of the Jiaozhou Bay have high ecological risk to the sensitive species.Station S5 was in high risk and monitoring should be emphasized to reduce the damage.