北斗/GNSS实时动态差分技术的实验教学解析

Analysis of the experimental teaching theories about BDS/GNSS RTK

北斗/GNSS实时动态差分技术(RTK)已广泛地应用于工程勘测、数字测图、施工放样等工程领域。但对于初学者,尤其是青年学生在北斗/GNSS RTK基准站设置、移动台坐标推算与坐标转换的理论理解和实践操作方面,仍然存在较多疑惑和理解偏差,导致实验教学效果不佳。鉴于此,作者根据多年一线的科研教学实践和对北斗/GNSS理论理解的基础上,结合易于理解的导线测量技术,剖析北斗/GNSS RTK技术与导线测量在基线向量/坐标增量解算方面的异同之处,诠释北斗/GNSS RTK起始坐标的获取与坐标转换参数的配置问题。最后,通过实例验证北斗/GNSS RTK技术在当前可满足cm级的测设精度要求。

BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)/Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)Real Time Kinematic(RTK)technology has been applied to many engineering fields,such as engineering surveying,digital mapping,setting out for construction etc.But for students or younger technicians,even for younger professional guidance teachers,the theories and operations of reference station setting,rover(s)coordinate calculation and transformation about BDS/GNSS RTK,made them wonder or misunderstood.Thus the effect of experimental teaching is not good.Therefore,according to the teaching experience and the deeply cognition to GNSS theories,and combination of easy to understand key techniques for traverse survey,the similarities and differences between RTK baseline vector and coordinate increments of traverse survey are analyzed.Moreover,starting coordinates and coordinate transformation problems for RTK calculation are also illustrated.Finally,the cm level precision about RTK is proved by an experimental example.